中国穿山甲受危状况评估  

ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED STATUS OF CHINESE PANGOLIN (MANIS PENTADACTYLA)

作　　者：吴诗宝[1] 刘廼发[2] 张迎梅[2] 马广智[3] 

机构地区：[1]湛江师范学院生物学系,广东湛江524048 [2]兰州大学生命科学院,兰州730000 [3]华南师范大学生命科学院,广州510000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2004年第4期456-461,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国野生动物保护协会资助项目 (中动协秘 [2 0 0 2 ]第 0 5号 );中国药用濒危野生动物保护战略研究课题组资助项目 (课题准字[2 0 0 1 ]第 0 1号 )~~

摘　　要：中国穿山甲主要分布在我国长江以南地区 ,少量分布在与我国广西、云南接壤的国家 .分析了中国穿山甲(Manispentadactyla)的各种致危因素共 19种 ,并以此评估了它的受危状况 .结果表明 ,中国穿山甲属易受危物种 ,潜在的绝灭危险较大 .较高的受危指数 (Ti=0 .6 94 7)表明它处于高度受危状态 ,已成为濒危物种 (En) .最关键的外在致危因素是过度狩猎、利用和走私 ,其次是栖息地的丧失、改变、岛屿化和种群分布格局的片断化 .上世纪 6 0年代后至今 ,估计中国穿山甲种群数量已下降了 88.88%～ 94 .12 % ,栖息地内的种群密度已低至 0 .0 0 1134～ 0 .0 5 6头 /km2 ,较高的狩猎压力以及栖息地的丧失、改变、岛屿化和走私还将持续 ,受危程度将进一步加重 ,潜在的绝灭危险继续上升 .要缓解中国穿山甲当前的受危状况 ,减轻狩猎压力 ,保护好现有栖息地 ,打击走私是当务之急 .依据IUCN红色名录(RedList,version 3.1)和我国濒危动物红皮书对受危物种等级标准的定义 ,以及CITES附录物种等级标准、我国重点保护动物等级标准 ,中国穿山甲应当从我国濒危动物红皮书中的易危级 (Vu)和IUCN红色名录里的低危接近易危(LR/nt)上调为濒危级 (En) ,由CITES附录Ⅱ上升为附录Ⅰ ,由国家Ⅱ级保护动物上升为Ⅰ级保护 .图 3表 1参 4Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) mainly distribute in the south of the Yangtze River, China, and only a few are found in the countries bordering Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of China. Some information of its threatened status is given in this paper. Nineteen factors threatening this species survival were used to assess its threatened status, and the attributes of these factors were known from published information and the findings of this study. Each of the factors was given a score on the basis of the potential to cause this species risk in survival, ranging from a maximum of 5 (risk is highest) to 0 (no impact). The overall threatening index (T i) is the summed scores of all factors divided by the total possible scores. The results show that Chinese pangolin belongs to susceptible species due to its taxonomic uniqueness (monotypic order, family and genus), food specialization and stenophagy (only eating several species of ants and termites), very low reproductive rate (usually one cub per litter, one litter per year), and strict requirement for habitat and very poor defense (moving slowly, shy, curling up into a ball when threatened). The potential extinction risk for this animal is very high. The high threatening index (T i = 0.694 7) suggests that this species in high threatened situation and has become a endangered species. The most key external threatening factors of this species are over hunting,utilization and rampant smuggling occurring at the border between China and Viet Nam, owing to its rare value in medicine and food. The second is the loss, alteration and insularity of its habitat, and fragmented population distribution pattern. Now Chinese pangolin is very rare both in China and in the countries close to China. The estimated population number has decreased by 88.88%～94.12 % since the end of the 1960′s. The population density in habitat has declined to 0.001 134～0.056 individual per square kilometer. The high hunting pressure, habitat loss, alteration and insularity, and rampant

关 键 词：中国穿山甲 受危指数 受危物种 濒危动物 栖息地 种群密度 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]