纵跳高度腾空时间计算法的理论探讨与实验评价  

Theoretical exploration and practical evaluation of the flight time calculation method of counter movement jump height

作　　者：单信海[1] 丁萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东省济南市250014

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2004年第24期5103-5105,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370396)~~

摘　　要：目的对腾空时间高度计算法所存在的问题进行一个理论分析及误差校验。方法体育系三年级学生男、女各20名,在Kistler测力台(9287B型)上进行双手叉腰及带摆臂两种方式的原地纵跳,用腾空时间法计算出纵跳高度,将计算高度与实际高度进行比较。结果在4种纵跳组合中,腾空时间计算法所得的腾空高度与人体腾空最大高度之间差异均有显著性意义(t=3.31～8.63,P均<0.01),腾空时间计算法测得的高度均小于实际纵跳高度。在两者的绝对差值来看,男子双手叉腰方式差值最小,腾空时间计算法所得的腾空高度比人体腾空最大高度小(11.42±4.11)cm;但男子摆臂跳最大,腾空时间计算法所得的腾空高度比人体腾空最大高度小(15.61±5.08)cm。在相对差值方面,男子的叉腰跳最小,为(22.50±8.66)%;而女子叉腰跳为最大,达(29.08±9.75)%。4种组合纵跳中,起跳离地时刻人体重心上升的初试高度与落地时人体重心高度之间差异均具有显著性意义(t=3.85～5.63,P均<0.01),起跳离地时刻人体重心上升的初试高度均大于落地时人体重心高度。两者的差值相比,女子双手叉腰跳最小,为(4.30±2.73)cm;而女子摆臂跳最大,达(7.44±4.58)cm。结论在腾空时间计算法中,纵跳高度的计算存在两个方面的问题一个是忽略了人体重心在纵跳离地时已经上升了的一个初始?AIM:To discuss some problems in flight time calculation methods (FTCM) of counter movement jump (CMJ) height,and to make a theoretical analysis and error checking and correcting. METHODS:The jump height by FTCM was found through Kistler plate form(9287B) test of CMJ with and without waving the upper extremities at the same place of 20 male and 20 female university students of Department of Physical Education,and then the results were compared with the practical jump height. RESULTS:Among the 4 kinds of composition of CMJ, the heights obtained from FTCM were all significantly lower than the maximum flight heights(t=3.31-8.63,P< 0.01).In comparison of the absolute difference,the minimum difference was in the jump without waving the upper extremities of males,and the heights obtained from FTCM were(11.42±4.11)cm lower than the maximum flight height.In comparison of the relative difference, the minimum difference was in the jump without waving the upper extremities of males [(22.50±8.66)%], while the maximum difference was in that of females [(29.08±9.75)%].Among the 4 kinds of composition of CMJ,the initiate heights with elevation of center of gravity when jump from the floor were significantly higher than those when return to the floor(t=3.85-5.63,P< 0.01).In comparison of the difference between them,the minimum difference was in the jump without waving the upper extremities of females [(4.30±2.73)cm],while the maximum difference was in the jump with waving the upper extremities of females [(7.44±4.58)cm]. CONCLUSION:In FTCM of CMJ height, there are two aspects of problems that make the calculated heights lower than practice ones:one is the neglect of the wrong selection of the initiate height of center of gravity;the other is that there is no consideration of the asymmetry of flight up and down.

关 键 词：纵跳高度 腾空时间计算法 生物力学 体育运动 数学计算 误差校验 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]