模拟失重对鼠大脑和小脑皮层超微结构的影响  

Ultrastructural Changes in Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellar Cortex of Rats under Simulated Weightlessness.

作　　者：毕蕾[1] 李英贤[1] 何玫[1] 黄增明[1] 赵定胜[1] 蓝景全[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2004年第3期180-183,共4页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：目的研究模拟失重条件下鼠脑皮层超微结构的变化及其可能的机制。方法采用大鼠尾吊模型模拟失重 ,并于悬吊第 7、1 4、2 1、2 8天心脏灌流取材 ,进行大脑皮层和小脑皮层超微结构的观察。结果模拟失重作用下 ,大脑皮层神经元内质网池扩张 ,高尔基器扁平囊扩张 ,线粒体肿胀、破裂 ;大脑皮层第IV层中的突触小泡数量减少 ;毛细血管管腔褶皱增多、基底膜变厚。小脑蚓部皮层浦肯野细胞的粗面内质网出现明显的脱粒和边集现象。上述变化于悬吊第 1 4、2 1天表现最为明显 ,2 8d时趋于恢复正常。结论模拟失重可引起鼠脑皮层超微结构的改变。超微结构随着模拟失重的进程而改变 ,有恢复的趋势 ,表现出适应性的变化。Objective To study the ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex of rats under simulated weightlessness and the possible mechanism. Method The tail-suspended rats model (-30° head down tilt) was adopted to simulate weightlessness in the experiment. The rats were suspended for 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d, and then were perfused through the hearts.The specimens were drown from the rats’ cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex for electron microscopy. Result The results showed that under simulated weightlessness, the main changes in the neuron can be described as follows: swelling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, even formation of big empty vesicles; reduction of number of synaptic vesicles in IV layer; increase corrugation of capillary lumen and thickening of basement menbrane. Degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum in Purkinje’s cells of the cerebellar cortex occurred obviously. On the 14th and the 21th day of suspension, the changes were most significant and tended to return to normal on the 28th day. Conclusion The experimental results demonstrated that simulated weightlessness led to ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebella cortex of rats. The ultrastructure changed with the course of simulated weightlessness and tended to return to normal. It showed an adaption to the simulated weightlessness.

关 键 词：失重模拟 尾吊 大脑皮层 小脑皮层 超微结构 

分 类 号：R854[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R852.22[医药卫生—临床医学]