湖北省五大湖泊水生植物多样性的比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AQUATIC PLANT DIVERSITY IN FIVE LARGEST LAKES OF HUBEI PROVINCE IN CHINA

作　　者：彭映辉[1] 简永兴[2] 王建波[2] 倪乐意[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南林学院生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430072 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2004年第5期464-470,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目 (编号KZCX1 SW 12 );中国博士后科学基金项目 (编号 :2 0 4180 171)资助

摘　　要：对湖北省五大湖泊斧头湖、洪湖、梁子湖、长湖和西凉湖水生植物多样性进行了监测、为保护与可持续利用提供依据 ,本文将断面法与GIS及GPS技术相结合 ,通过野外调查和分析前人的工作 ,揭示了五大湖泊水生植物多样性的现状和 5 0余年来的变化 ,探讨了人为干扰强度与多样性丰富程度及丧失程度的关系 ,主要结论是 :(1) 2 0 0 1年斧头湖、洪湖、梁子湖、长湖和西凉湖各分布有水生植物 6 1种、94种、87种、92种和 77种 ,种数 /面积比值以重度干扰的斧头湖和洪湖最小 (分别为 0 .5 3与 0 .2 7种 /km2 ) ,以轻度干扰的西凉湖最大 (1.0 7种 /km2 )。 (2 )斧头湖、洪湖、梁子湖、长湖与西凉湖现各有水生植物群丛类型 5、5、12、12和 13个 ,植被覆盖率分别是 16 .30 %、16 .4 3%、32 .5 6 %、4 5 .16 %和 6 2 .0 4 % ,全湖平均单位面积生物量 (鲜重 )分别为 2 99.0g/m2 、76 4 .2g/m2 、80 8.6g/m2 、10 39.1g/m2 和1719.8g/m2 。(3)近 5 0余年来斧头湖、洪湖、梁子湖、长湖和西凉湖水生植被分布区严重缩小、覆盖率显著下降、生物量极大降低 ,分别有 9、8、5、3和 1种水生植物消失 ,消失的水生植物群丛类型数各为 7、8、4、2和 1个。 (4 )多样性的丰富程度随人为干扰强度的增强而下降 ,多样性的丧失程度随干扰强度?In order to provide references for the monitoring and conservation of aquatic plant diversity in Lake Futou, Honghu,Liangzi,Changhu and Xiliang of Hubei Province in China,the species and community diversity and their long-term changes in the last fifty years were studied using field investigation(from 1999 to 2001),geographical information system technique (GIS) and global position system technique (GPS).The relationship between diversity loss and human disturbance intensity was also analyzed in the paper.Besides,the authors discussed the mechanisms leading to the diversity loss.The main results are summarized as follows:(1)It was found that in the year 2001,there were 61,94,87,92 and 77 aquatic plant species in Lake Futou,Honghu, Liangzi,Changhu and Xiliang ,respectively. Among the five lakes,Lake Futou and Honghu(experiencing the highest disturbance intensity)showed the lowest species to area ratio(0.53 species/km2 and 0.27 species/km2,respectively). The highest value, 1.07species/km2,was found in Lake Xiliang(with the lowest disturbance intensity).(2)At present,there were 5,5,12,12 and 13 aquatic plant associations in Lake Futou,Honghu,Liangzi,Changhu and Xiliang,respectively.The vegetation in the five lakes,with respective coverage of 16.30%,16.43%,32.56%,45.16% and 62.04%,showed the mean biomass in the whole lake of 299.0g/m2,764.2g/m2,808.6g/m2,1039.1g/m2 and 1719.8g/m2(fresh weight),respectively.(3)It was found that in the last fifty years,9,8,5,3 and 1 aquatic plant species,and 7,8,4,2 and 1 associations had disappeared from these lakes,respectively.(4)The results indicated that aquaculture in enclosures(from the late 1980s to the present )decreased aquatic plant diversity in the five lakes much more than inning of the lakes(from the early 1950s to the early 1980s).And the richness of aquatic plant diversity in the five lakes was negatively related with human disturbance intensity experienced by the lakes.Whereas the relationship between diversity loss and the disturbance intensity was just the opposit

关 键 词：湖北 湖泊 水生植物 多样性 物种 群落 围网养殖 围垦 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]