安塞纸坊沟流域草地资源利用空间结构及其畜牧业发展潜力  

Spatial Structure of Pasture Resources Utilization and Livestock Development Potential of Zhifanggou Watershed of Ansai

作　　者：孔正红[1] 张新时[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态开放实验室

出　　处：《草地学报》2004年第3期246-250,共5页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目"草地与农牧交错带生态系统重建机理及优化生态-生产范式"(GB2000018600-07)资助

摘　　要：黄土丘陵沟壑区是黄土高原生态环境极其脆弱,经济发展十分落后的地区。随着国家退耕还林(草)政策的实施,给区域天然草地的恢复与重建以及人工草地的发展带来了契机。种草养畜以其环境亲和特点,以及稳定的生产和较高的产品商品率,在黄土丘陵沟壑区越来越受到重视。文章试以安塞纸坊沟流域为例,通过航片解译分析流域土地利用现状。结合流域地形特点、生态生产特征和流域社会经济调查,通过GIS空间分析,划分流域生态生产区。讨论其功能和资源利用特点,以此提出流域草地资源利用的空间结构。依据利用程度,将其划分为高效人工草地带,农草、林草间轮作草地带以及天然轮牧草地带三种利用模式。根据不同利用带生物产量,计算最大载畜量,以期为流域环境保护、未来畜牧业发展及区域治理提供可靠依据和具体参考。Hilly-gullied Loess region is the most fragile and underdeveloped area of the Loess Plateau. With the implementation of 'Green for Grain' Action, cultured pastures as well as natural prairies have won a chance to be restored and re-established. Forage-livestock system has received increasing and specific attention due to its environmental compatibility, stable production and high commodity rate. Zhifanggou Watershed of Ansai is taken as a case study in this paper. Local land use pattern was analyzed through aerial photo classification. With the help of GIS' spatial analysis, coupled with investigation on current pasture management, local ecological and productive characteristics and social economic features, the eco-productive sections were marked out, based on which the spatial structure for pasture utilization of the watershed has been worked out. According to different utilization degree, the spatial structure was divided into 3 zones: efficiently cultured pastures zone, agroforestry pastures zone and natural prairies of rotative grazing zone. Maximum carrying capacity based on biomass of each pasture zone was also calculated, providing scientific reference for local environmental protection as well as future pasture management of the watershed.

关 键 词：草原学 草地资源 安塞纸坊沟流域 地理信息系统 空间结构 最大载畜量 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]