红壤旱地不同种植方式物质循环与调控  

Nutrient and water cycling in red soils with different planting system and their management

作　　者：何园球[1] 吴大付[1] 李成亮[1] 王兴祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第9期1547-1551,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (KZCX2 413和ISSASIP0 2 0 1)

摘　　要：利用长期定位资料研究了红壤旱地不同种植方式下水分、养分循环和平衡以及能量流动特点 .研究表明 ,红壤地区 3～ 6月降雨量占全年的 6 0 % ,导致季节性干旱经常发生 ,水土流失严重 ;红壤旱地N、P、K配比不合理 ,肥料施用量大 ,化肥投入过多 ,不同种植方式间存在差异 ,使投产比降低 .优化的种植方式提高了光能利用率和水分利用率 ,减缓了干旱发生频率和干旱程度 ;提高了养分再循环率 ,使N、P、K的配比较为合理 .合理开发利用红壤的措施之一 ,是建立种养结合的复合农业生态模式 ,并采用节水灌溉、增加覆盖、农林间套作 ,提高有机肥比重、进行平衡和合理施肥 ;进一步优化种植结构 ,调整投能结构 ,减少外部输入能 ,完善种养协调机制和食物链多级利用技术 .Based on the data of long term located experiment,this paper studied the characteristics of nutrient and water cycling and balance and of energy flow in upland red soils with different planting system.The results showed that in red soil areas,the rainfall from March to June accounted for 60% of the whole year,which induced frequent seasonal drought and severe water and soil loss.The application of N,P and K on upland red soil was overabundant and unbalanced,which induced a reduced ratio of input and output.Optimized planting mode could increase the water and light utilization efficiency,decrease the frequency and degree of occurred drought,and increase the nutrient recycling rate.The main measures for rationally developing and utilizing red soil should be establishing compound agro-ecosystem model of planting and feeding,saving irrigation water,increasing mulch,cover-cultivating crops and forests,increasing the proportion of organic fertilizer,realizing rational and balanced fertilization,further optimizing planting structure,regulating energy input structure,and adopting multilevel-technologies of food chain utilization.

关 键 词：红壤旱地 不同种植方式 物质循环 调控技术 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]