反坡梯田造林整地工程对坡面产流的作用机制  

Influence mechanism of reverse-slope terrace site preparation for afforestation on runoff formation of slope

作　　者：王进鑫[1] 黄宝龙[2] 罗伟祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2004年第5期292-296,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目(96-007-01-01-02);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043602);西北农林科技大学回国人员科研启动基金(080804)资助

摘　　要：从产流、汇流的机制与理论模型出发,结合理论分析与微型径流小区观测,对反坡梯田造林整地工程在改变微集水区地形特征,以及由此而引起坡面产流状况发生变化的内在机制进行了研究。结果表明,反坡梯田造林整地工程可显著增大微集水区的平均坡度。其增幅与斜坡水平距成反相关,与田面水平宽度成正相关。集水区斜坡水平距每减小1m,微集水区平均坡度增加0.5°～7.0°,集水区斜坡水平距越小,增幅越大;田面水平宽度每增加1m,平均坡度增加2.5°～11.5°。在斜坡水平距一定时,微集水区平均坡度虽然随着原地面坡度和田面水平宽度的增加而增大,但增幅与原地面坡度的增幅基本一致。在造林允许的坡度、坡长范围内,集水区斜坡水平距对产流总量影响最大,而地面坡度还具有提高坡面产流率的作用。产流量与坡长、坡度均成正相关。反坡梯田造林整地对坡面产流的作用机制,在于造林整地缩短了坡长、改变了坡形、增大了微集水区的平均坡度,从而使微区坡面的产流、产沙状况发生了变化。依据传统径流小区观测资料,不考虑整地对微区地形与产流的影响,由此设计的造林整地工程,难以达到预期效果。By the way of micro-plot field experimentation and theoretical analysis, micro-relief characteristic and runoff formation under the conditions of site preparation by reverse-slope terrace were studied. The results showed that site preparation by reverse-slope terrace can enlarge the degree of slop where runoff was generated. The range of slope gradient increased was in direct proportion to the width of terrace, which was 2.5°~11.5° per meter, and in the inverse ratio of the slope length, which was 0.5°~7.0° per meter. The length of the slope in runoff area had obvious influence on the total runoff, but the gradient of the slope in the runoff area had the greatest influence not only on the total runoff, but also on the modulus of runoff. Therefore, the regulative mechanism of site preparation by reverse-slope terrace to runoff formation demonstrated shortening the length, increasing the gradient of the slope and changing the form of the slope in the runoff area, which made apparently different formation of runoff and erosion from that of the original slope. So the site preparation work designed according to traditional records of runoff plot with straight slope cannot reach the design standard desired.

关 键 词：造林整地 微地形 地表径流 产流机制 集水 

分 类 号：F31[经济管理—产业经济]