1993～2003年钩端螺旋体病流行病学分析  

Epdemiological Analysis on Leptospirosis from 1993 to 2003

作　　者：唐晓燕[1] 张彦平[1] 吕家锐[1] 郝宗宇[1] 张爱梅[1] 李林红[1] 邓文斌[1] 鲍曼丽[1] 王海峰[1] 孙建伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省卫生防疫站,郑州市450003

出　　处：《医药论坛杂志》2004年第10期1-2,4,共3页Journal of Medical Forum

摘　　要：目的　探讨和分析近期河南省钩端螺旋体病 (简称钩体病 )的流行特点、影响因素及防治对策。方法　对河南省 1993～ 2 0 0 3年钩体病的疫情资料、流行病学个案调查资料和监测资料予以整理和分析。结果　1993～ 2 0 0 3年河南省共发生钩体病 2 2 98例 ,年均发病率为 0 2 3/ 10万 ,死亡 5 7例 ,病死率为 2 4 8%。发病及死亡总体呈下降趋势。病例集中在黄河北岸的新乡地区 ,占总发病例数 94 82 %。 8～ 10月为发病高峰 ,占全部病例的 92 13%。临床分型以流感伤寒型为主 ,占总病例数的 91 5 8%。病人血清抗体阳性率为 6 2 5 0 % ,黄疸出血群为 6 6 6 0 %。年均鼠密度为 4 0 9% ,黑线姬鼠 ,褐家鼠为优势鼠种 ,在鼠肾中分离出 13株钩端螺旋体 ,均为黄疸出血型。结论　我省钩体病人间主要流行菌群为黄疸出血型 ,鼠类是主要传染源 ,流行形式为稻田型 ,以接触疫水为传播途径。疫区范围缩小是我省钩体病发病和死亡呈下降趋势的主要原因。Objective To analyze the epidemic characters、influencing factor、prevention and cure countermeasures on Leptospirosis in Henan province.Methods To dispose and analyze epidemic and epidemiological information in Henan province from 1993 to 2003.Results From 1993 to 2003,there were 2298 cases altogether,the average outbreak rate was 0.23/100,000 per year,of which 57 cases died,the mortality was 2.48%.The trend of outbreak and death is descendant. 94.82% of all cases were occured in Xinxiang District,north bank of the Yellow River.The highest incidence peak is August to October,which accounted for 92.13% of all cases.The type of influenza-typhoid accounted for 91.58% of all cases,the antibody positive rate of blood serum was 62.50%,and the rate of jaundice hemorrhage was 66.60%.The rat average density was 4.09% per year,the superior rat were Linear nigra murine and brown rat.13 Leptospira were separated from rat kidneys,the type was jaundice hemorrhage.Conclusion The main infection bacteria colony in the patients in our province is jaundice hemorrhage type.The rats was the main infection source,the type of Paddy-Field was the main infection type and contacting epidemic water was the main spreading way.The main reason which descend the trend of Leptospirosis' outbreak and death in our province is the shrink of epidemic area.

关 键 词：1993-2003年 钩端螺旋体病 流行病学 流行特点 预防 治疗 影响因素 

分 类 号：R514.4[医药卫生—内科学]