深圳市罗湖区麻疹流行特征及监测结果分析  

Epidemiological features and surveillance results of measles in Luohu district of Shenzhen

作　　者：陈伟红[1] 刘卫民[1] 何梅英[1] 白满娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,518020

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2004年第7期852-853,共2页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：深圳市卫生科技立项 (2 0 0 2 0 4 1 66)

摘　　要：目的　分析深圳市罗湖建区以来麻疹的流行动态特征以及 1999年建立麻疹监测系统以来的监测结果 ,为加速控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法　根据历年麻疹疫情资料及流行病学监测资料统计分析罗湖区 2 0年间麻疹流行特征及监测结果。结果　 2 0年间罗湖区麻疹平均发病率为 6 14 /10万。建区初期 ,处于高发水平 ,年平均发病率为 2 4 4 2 /10万 ;1987年后 ,发病率大幅下降 ,但在 1992、2 0 0 1年发病率有明显回升 ,分别达到 12 5 6 /10万 ,2 1 70 /10万 ,并出现暴发疫情 ,呈周期性流行。 0～ 15岁占发病总数的 70 4 2 % ,但近 10年 ,成人麻疹 (>15岁 )所占比例由 1984～ 1993年期间的 10 5 0 %上升至 1994～ 2 0 0 3年期间的 4 2 0 6 %。男性占发病总数的 5 7 96 % ,暂住人口与常住人口发病数的比值为 3 18∶1,在发病对象中 ,免疫空白及免疫不详的占 82 5 4 %。发病高峰季节为 3～ 8月份 ,占 6 9 5 5 %。结论　自建区以来 ,麻疹发病率已大幅度下降 ,但仍出现周期流行 ,并有局部地区暴发 ,麻疹患者年龄明显后移 ,已由小年龄组模式转为混合模式。加强流动儿童的预防接种工作、在成人的高危人群中开展疫苗免疫接种 ,提高免疫接种率、加强麻疹疫情监测 ,预防暴发疫情是今后的工作重点。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of measles and surveillance results since establishing the surveillance systen in 1999,try to acquire scientific gist for measles control and elimination.Methods To analyze the epidemiological data and surveillant data during 20 years.Results The average incidence rate of the measles was 6.14 over 100 000 every year in 1984-2003.At the beginning of the district foundation,the average incidence rate of the measles was 24.42 over 100 000,at a high level.After 1987,the incidence rate decreased,but in 1992,2001,the incidence rate rose up remarkably,got to 12.56 and 21.70 over 100 000 respectively,and measles outbreak occurred with periodic attack.The proportion of the age under 15 years old was 70.42%,but ten years lastly,the proportion of adult(>15 years old)was growing from 10.50%(1984-1993) to 42.06%(1994-2003).Male accounted for 57.96%.The ratio of temporary residents and permanent residents was 3.18∶1.The cases with immunization blank or unsure occupied 82.54%.Seasonal peak of measles appeared in March to August(69.55%).Conclusion Since the district foundation the incidence rate of measles dropped considerably,but it appeared periodic and outbreak in small place.The ages of the measles cases were older than before,the model of the age with measles became mixed age rather than young age.The methods to enhance preventive inoculation for transient children,adults in danger,increase vaccine coverage rate,reinforce surveillance and prevent outbreak were our emphasis from now on.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行 监测 控制 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]