玉米优良杂交种豫玉22产量性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Yield Traits with Elite Maize Hybrid—Yuyu 22

作　　者：汤华[1] 黄益勤[1] 严建兵[1] 刘宗华[2] 汤继华[2] 郑用琏[1] 李建生[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [3]中国农业大学国家玉米改良中心,北京100094

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第9期922-926,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 1CB10 880 1);国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 9893 3 5 0 )

摘　　要：以玉米优良杂交种豫玉 2 2的F2∶3 家系为材料 ,通过一年两点的田间试验 ,研究其产量性状的遗传特征 ,以期为提高玉米产量杂种优势的利用水平提供有益信息。结果表明 ,在 8个穗部产量性状中 ,广义遗传力较高的为行数、穗长、出籽率、穗粗 ;在F1代和F2∶3 家系中 ,杂种优势强的性状是穗粒重、行粒数、穗长 ,较弱的是出籽率和百粒重 ;杂种优势与遗传力相关不显著 ,但与性状的变异系数相关显著。穗粗、行粒数、百粒重、出籽率、穗长与单株产量高度相关。其中行数、行粒数、百粒重 3个产量构成因子彼此高度负相关 ,穗长与穗粗高度负相关。主成分分析表明 ,影响单株产量的依次是行粒数、穗粗、行数、穗长、百粒重 5个因子。对豫玉 2 2而言 ,每行粒数和穗粗的增加是获得高产的关键。In order to analysis genetic characteristics of yield, a population with 266 F 2∶3 families from an elite hybrid, Yuyu 22, was constructed and a two-location field experiment was conducted in 2001. The results showed that among eight yield traits, row number, ear length, rate of kernel production and ear diameter had higher H 2. Kernel weight per ear, kernels per row, ear length performed significant heterosis in F 1 generation, but the heterosis of rate of kernel production and weight of 100-kernel were very weak in F 2∶3 families. Their heterosis was not significantly correlated with their heredity, but significantly correlated with CV. Single-plant yield was significantly correlated with ear diameter, kernels per row, weight of 100-kernel, rate of kernel production and ear length. As three yield components, row numbers, kernels per row and weight of 100-kernel were significantly and negatively correlated with each other. There also was a significantly negative correlation between ear length and ear diameter. Principle component analysis indicated that ear traits influencing single-plant yield orderly were kernels per row, ear diameter, row number, ear length and weight of 100-kernel. A key factor to obtain high yield for Yuyu 22 was the increase of kernels per row and ear diameter.

关 键 词：玉米 产量性状 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]