三裂叶蟛蜞菊对水稻化感作用的初步研究  

Allelopathic Potentials of Wedelia trilobata L. on Rice

作　　者：聂呈荣[1,2] 曾任森[3] 骆世明[3] 黎华寿[3] 洪明祺[1] 程莉琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院作物遗传育种研究所 [2]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第9期942-946,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 2 70 2 3 0 ;3 0 3 70 2 46);广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目 ( 0 3 92 5 4);广东省科技计划项目 ( 2 0 0 1B2 0 10 4)资助

摘　　要：三裂叶蟛蜞菊 (WedeliatrilobataL )是华南地区的重要杂草和园林绿化植物。本文研究了三裂叶蟛蜞菊水提液对水稻 (OryzasativaL )种子萌发和植株生长过程中一些生理过程的影响。结果表明 ,三裂叶蟛蜞菊各水提液浸种显著抑制了水稻萌发种子的α 淀粉酶活性和过氧化物酶活性 ,提高了质膜透性 ,进而使其活力和呼吸速率显著降低。其中 ,三裂叶蟛蜞菊根、茎、叶和全植株水提液的处理使α 淀粉酶活性分别下降为对照的 6 5 4 2 %、5 0 5 6 %、5 5 0 2 %和 5 6 88% ,使过氧化物酶活性分别降低了 4 5 4 8%、76 13%、6 9 6 0 %和 6 5 83% ,使质膜透性分别提高了 16 4 0 %、34 80 %、2 8 30 %和2 5 6 0 %。在水稻植株生长过程中 ,灌溉三裂叶蟛蜞菊各水提液极显著抑制了水稻株高的增长和分蘖的发生 ,极显著地降低了叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力、根系干重和单株干物重 ;其中三裂叶蟛蜞菊叶水提液分别使水稻叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和单株干物重降低 39 86 %、5 1 0 6 %和 81 5 7%。灌溉三裂叶蟛蜞菊水提液还极显著地抑制了水稻叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性 ,使叶片全氮含量下降。作为各种抑制作用的综合影响 ,水稻各产量性状显著减少。三裂叶蟛蜞菊各水提液对水稻植株化感作用的大小?Wedelia trilobata L. is an important weed and garden herb in South China. The allelopathic potentials of aqueous extracts of W. trilobata on rice(Oryza sativa L.) were studied. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant of W. trilobata inhibited the peroxidase activities of germinating seeds by 45.48%, 76.13%, 69.60% and 65.83%, respectively. The extracts also significantly inhibited the activities of α-amylase, increased the membrane permeability, as a comprehensive result, and inhibited the respiratory rate and the activity of the germinating seeds. Watering rice seedlings with the aqueous extracts of W. trilobata resulted in the reduction in plant height, tillers, root activity, dry root weight, leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and the dry weight per plant. Aqueous extract of the leaves reduced the chlorophyll of rice, net photosynthesis rate and dry weight per plant by 39.86%, 51.06% and 81.57%, respectively. The activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, two key enzymes concerning nitrogen metabolism in plant were also significantly decreased. Because the nitrogen metabolism was affected by the aqueous extracts of W. trilobata, the total nitrogen content of leaf was reduced significantly. As a comprehensive effect, watering rice seedlings with the aqueous extracts of W. trilobata significantly decreased the yield and yield components of rice. The aqueous extracts from different parts of W. trilobata showed different inhibitory effects on the plant of rice which order were leaf >stem> whole plant > root.

关 键 词：水稻 化感作用 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]