秦岭中段南坡景观格局与大熊猫栖息地的关系  

The relationship between landscape pattern and the habitat of giant pandas on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains

作　　者：张爽[1] 刘雪华[1] 靳强[1] 李纪宏[1] 金学林 魏辅文[3] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]陕西省林业局,西安710082 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第9期1950-1957,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金资助项目 ( 3 0 2 3 0 0 80 ) ;美国 Memphis动物园和中国野生动物保护协会资助项目 ;世界自然基金会资助项目~~

摘　　要：景观格局是各种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的结果 ,同时景观格局强烈影响着生境内种群的生物学过程 ;种群的结构和分布状况同栖息地景观格局之间存在一定的联系。借助遥感和地理信息系统软件 ,对秦岭中段南坡地区 3个保护区 (佛坪、长青和观音山 )大熊猫栖息地的景观格局及其与大熊猫活动痕迹密度之间的关系进行了研究。该研究首先绘制了景观类型格局图并进行总体斑块格局分析 ,其次分别从保护区尺度和 1km2 尺度分析平均斑块分维数、破碎度指数和香农多样性指数 ,以进行比较 ;最后在 1km2尺度上统计分析大熊猫活动密度同景观格局指数分布的相关性。研究结果表明 :(1)各自然保护区内的景观格局存在着差异性 ,佛坪保护区景观多样性水平较高 ,长青保护区居中 ,观音山保护区最低 ;(2 )各保护区内部受人为干扰和生境恢复程度不同 ,使得景观破碎化程度在佛坪保护区最低 ,长青保护区居中 ,观音山保护区最高 ;(3)大熊猫活动密度有集中分布的趋势 ,高密度区域主要分布在佛坪中部和长青北部 ;(4 )在 1km2尺度 ,3个保护区大熊猫活动痕迹密度同景观指数格局之间存在不同的相关性 ,说明不同的景观格局会影响到大熊猫的活动和生境利用。Landscape patterns result from various ecological processes occurring on different spatial scales. In turn landscape patterns strongly affect biological processes of wildlife populations. Landscape patterns influence the structure and distribution of wildlife populations. Through remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we analyzed correlations between landscape patterns and giant pandas′activities in three reserves (Foping, Changqing and Guanyinshan) on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains. We began by mapping and analyzing landscape patterns and assessed three landscape indices, including MPFD (mean patch fractal dimension index), FN (fragmentation index) and SDI (Shannon diversity index). We used statistical analyses to examine correlations between giant pandas′activity density and landscape patterns at a spatial resolution of 1km^2. The main results show: (1) There are differences on landscape patterns among three nature reserves. Foping NR shows the highest level landscape diversity, followed by Changqing NR and Guanyinshan NR with the lowest Landscape diversity (2) Due to human disturbance and habitat restoration, the degree of landscape fragmentation in Foping NR is the lowest, followed by Changqing NR, and Guanyinshan with the highest level of fragmentation. (3) The activity signs of giant pandas were densely distributed in two areas, i.e. the middle of Foping NR and the northern part of Changqing NR. (4) Analysis reveals correlations between the giant panda activity density and landscape indices at the scale of 1km^2, providing evidence that different landscape patterns have significant effects on giant pandas' activity and habitat utilization.

关 键 词：景观格局 遥感 地理信息系统 大熊猫 栖息地 秦岭 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]