中国北方沙尘气溶胶时空分布特征及其对地表辐射的影响  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust Aerosol and Its Impacts on Radiation Based on Analysis of EP/TOMS Satellite Data

作　　者：高庆先[1] 任阵海[1] 李占青[2] 普布次人 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护总局气候影响研究中心,北京100012 [2]美国马里兰大学气象系 [3]美国国家海洋和大气局(NOAA)

出　　处：《资源科学》2004年第5期2-10,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"中国西部生态环境演变与调控研究"(编号:G1999043505);国家自然科学基金委员会海外青年学者合作基金项目(编号:40028503)。

摘　　要：该文通过对1978年以来的TOMS气溶胶指数分析,揭示出我国北方地区沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征和长期演变规律,并结合地面辐射资料分析了沙尘气溶胶对太阳辐射的影响。研究表明,我国北方地区3、4月份大气气溶胶指数有两类高值区,一是沙尘源区,另一是影响区。影响我国沙尘天气的境外初始源区大气气溶胶指数的峰值集中在0.2附近,北路源区绝大部分气溶胶指数区域面积强度集中在0 3～0 4之间,西北源区和南疆盆地区的峰值集中在0.4附近,整个北方地区气溶胶指数的区域面积强度的峰值集中在0.3附近。沙尘暴天气发生和影响期间,随气溶胶指数出现峰值地面太阳总辐射和入射辐射相应出现低谷,源区两者之间有比较好的负相关关系,而影响区的相关性相对较小,说明在影响区大气气溶胶来源相对复杂。Based on the analysis of TOMS historical aerosol index data, the spatial and temporal distribution and its trends are studied carefully. The influence on solar radiation of dust aerosol is analyzed using the meteorological observation of radiation and TOMS aerosol index. The results show that the distribution character of aerosol index of March and April are almost same, there are two type high value areas, one is dust sources region which is located in the desertification areas, another is located in the effected areas, include north and Northeast of China. The high value center of aerosol index concentration of May is located in Talimu basin, because the dust partials can be suspended in air for long time due to the particular terrain. The impacts of dust events are different in different regions, so the area intensity of aerosol index is various in China. The aerosol index in most northern source regions ranged from 0.3 to 0.4, the aerosol index in northwest region and south-Xinjiang basin is about 0.4, but the aerosol index in initial dust source of Mongolia is only 0.2. The study released that the total solar radiation and direct radiation during dust events decrease rapidly, and the surface diffusion radiation has obvious negative relation with incidence solar radiation during the dust storm occurrence.

关 键 词：EP/TOMS 沙尘气溶胶 时空分布 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]