经济增长与耕地非农化的库兹涅茨曲线假说及验证  

Hypothesis and Validation on the Kuznets Curves of Economic Growth and Farmland Conversion

作　　者：曲福田[1] 吴丽梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心,南京210095

出　　处：《资源科学》2004年第5期61-67,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究"十五"规划项目"区域经济增长与农地非农化"(编号:01JA790011);江苏社科"十五"规划项目"江苏省经济与社会协调发展"(编号:E1-007)。

摘　　要：随着经济发展,我国耕地非农化现象日趋加剧,从而影响到人类基本的物质生存条件。这一方面促进了经济的发展,一方面又可能对粮食安全、社会安定、生态环境等产生一定的负面效应。该文从可持续发展观点出发,力图揭示我国经济增长中耕地非农化的一般规律。作者认为经济增长与耕地数量之间存在类似库兹涅茨曲线型关系,并通过对天津市、山东省、江苏省、上海市、广东省、福建省6个典型地区经济发展过程中耕地损失的分析,验证了这个假说。基于此认识,作者提出现阶段协调经济增长与耕地保护的公共政策调整方向:提高土地资源市场化配置程度、将土地利用的外部性内部化、进一步明晰产权、改革征地制度等,为耕地非农化的公共政策调控提供一个有益的参考。With the rapid growth of economy,the amounts of farmland conversion increase excessively in China, which may influence the human fundament living conditions. High farmland conversion rate in current period due to rapid industrialization and urbanization is contributed to the rapid economic growth in China, but on the other hand, it also causes some negative effects, such as food security, environment degradation, social welfare loss, etc. It has attracted the attention of some researchers, government authorities, etc. On the standpoint of sustainable development this paper tries to find the normal discipline of the farmland conversion during economic rapid growth in China. The authors think that the line type figure described the relation between farmland conversion and economic growth is just like the Kuznets Curves. This paper analyzes systemically the trend of farmland conversion in six representative areas in China between 1979 and 2000. The result shows that the relation between farmland conversion and economic growth in developed areas is surely like the shape of Kuznets Curves. Based on this result, the authors give three kinds of measures to harmonize the contradiction between economic growth and farmland protection, which consists of economic measure, administration measure and informal measure. The economic measure is mainly to resolve the exterior problem of land resources utilization, and it is needed to integrate some classic theory such as the Coase theorem and Pigovian Taxes to make the exterior interior during the farmland conversion process. The administration measure is mainly about the public policy to control the farmland conversion in a reasonable way. The informal measure is mainly about the embodiment of human moral. The paper also gives some policy suggestions such as make the property rights more legible, reform the current land requisition system, and improve the maturation degree of land market system. All of them will provide a helpful reference to public policy on farmland conversion.

关 键 词：库兹涅茨曲线 经济增长 耕地保护 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]