莫高窟第275窟中的外道人物及相关问题研究  

A Study of The Tirthaka Figures in Cave 275 of Mogao Grottoes and Other Relative Questions

作　　者：胡同庆[1] 张元林[2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院编辑部,甘肃兰州730000 [2]敦煌研究院资料中心,甘肃敦煌736200

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2004年第5期20-27,i007,共9页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：莫高窟北凉第275窟本生故事画和相关佛经中的外道人物,既有以劳度叉为代表的贪婪、奸诈、凶残的婆罗门,也有一大批心地善良、明辨是非、宁死也不助纣为虐的婆罗门,同时也有自私自利但尚存良知的盲婆罗门。国王求法和劳度叉说法的关系,实际上反映了古印度社会婆罗门种姓和刹帝利种姓之间的矛盾。斲钉、剜肉、砍头、剜眼等行为与婆罗门的苦行及古印度的刑罚制度乃至商品交换意识都有一定的关系。The presentation of the tirthaka figures inside Cave 275 (The Northern Liang Dynasty) of Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang either appeared in the Jataka paintings or other relative subject of the illustrations to Buddhist sǖtra texts are basically divided into three groups by their characteristics: Raudrāksa, stands as a representatives of crafty, mean, malicious and merciless Brahman and the second group of Brahman with kind-heart who know distinctly what is right and what is wrong and would rather die than help the wicked perpetrate wicked deeds and at the same time, the third group of blind Brahman who are selfish and mean but conscientious. In fact, the innate relationship between the king's action of persuasion for the law of truth and Raudrāksa's battle with Sāriputra had reflected the caste of India contradiction between Brahman and Ksatriy. The ideas of punishment in ancient India and conscious for commodities exchanges and profit-seeking business were reflected in cruelties actions of driving iron nails into one's body, cutting one's own fresh, cutting off one's head to be offering and gauged out one's eyes.

关 键 词：第275窟 外道 劳度叉 国王 苦行 刑罚 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]