环境史与历史地理的关系  

The Redlations of Environmental History and Gistorical Geography

作　　者：迈克尔.威廉斯 马宝建[2] 雷洪德[2] 

机构地区：[1]牛津大学地理学院 [2]北京大学环境学院历史地理研究所/环境科学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2003年第4期8-24,共17页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

摘　　要：这篇文章有三个部分。第一部分考察了环境史作为历史学科一个独特子集的出现 ,并讨论了它的发展过程 :首先讨论了它的开始是植根于北美的资源保护和知识史 ,其次讨论了它的伦理演化和基本要点 ,最后讨论了它更具国际主义和跨学科性的关于自然中的人的观点。同时也考察了环境史研究的各种模式(主要是人类学的 )和议程。第二部分考察了主要历史和文化地理学家对环境史所提出的更大的人与自然的争论的贡献。着眼点主要关注四个研究领域 :(1)地球的变化和改变 ,(2 )全球扩展和资本主义经济 ,(3)人在自然界中的位置 ,(4 )栖息地、经济和社会之间的相互关系。第三部分考察了一些争论对于两个学科的意义、共性和挑战。结论是两个学科在“场所故事的叙述”中有许多互相帮助和学习的东西。This paper has three parts. The first examaines the emergence of environmental history as a distinct subset of the history discipline. Its development is discussed beginning with its roots in North American conservation and intellectual history, its evolving ethical and radical emphasis, and ultimately its more internationalist and interdisciplinary views of humans in nature. The various models (mainly anthropological) and agendas for the study of environmental history are examined. The second part considers the contribution of primarily historical and cultural geographers to the larger human/nature debate raised by environmental history. Attention is focused on four areas of study (1) the transfomation and modification of earth (2) global expansion and the capitalist economy. (3) the place of humans in naturd and. (4)the interrelationships between habitat, economy and society. The third part surveys some of the implications, commonalities and challenges of the discourse for both disciplines. It is concluded that both disciplines have much to contribute and learn from each other in 'the telling of place stories'.

关 键 词：环境史 历史地理 人地关系 发展过程 起源 历史地理学家 自然史 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学]