我国鹿况简介  

Brief introduction to deer in China

作　　者：侯扶江[1] 常生华[1] 于应文[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院甘肃草原生态研究所,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2003年第11期47-50,共4页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目"草地农业系统健康评价"(90102011);国家自然科学基金重点项目"河西走廊山地绿洲荒漠系统耦合机理及耦合优化模式研究"(39630250)资助

摘　　要：鹿类包括麝科和鹿科,后者通称鹿。鹿类自然分布于欧亚大陆、北美洲、南美洲40°N以北地区和西南非洲,我国是鹿类和鹿科动物种类最多的国家之一,人类活动对鹿类分布和发展有重要影响。我国养鹿历史可追溯至新石器时代,以取茸为主经济用途的饲养则始于18世纪,目前已经成为世界主要养鹿国之一。鹿全身可入药,鹿肉属高蛋白、低脂肪、低热量、富含矿物质的优质食物,鹿的利用方向可以调整为肉用或肉茸兼用。鹿自然栖息地主要是环境较为恶劣的高海拔或干旱地区,直接作用的环境类型和植物种类较为广泛,是森林-灌丛草地生态系统和放牧生态系统的重要组分。马鹿是鹿科鹿属大型动物,是目前人工驯养数量最多的鹿科动物之一,我国有8个亚种,分布范围已扩大到农耕区。Deer include the families Moschidae and Cervidae, of which the latter are often called deer Deer are naturally found in Eurasia, North America, Latin America north of latitude 40° N, and in southwest Africa Deer diversity in China is one of the greatest in the countries of the world Human activity has played an important role in the distribution and development of deer The history of raising deer in China can be traced back to the Neolithic era, and economic benefit from harvesting velvet has been gained since the 18th century China currently has a third of the raised deer population in the world Almost every part of the deer can be used as medicine Venison is high quality food due to high levels of protein and minerals, low calories, and low fat content Deer utilization can be aimed at venison production or both venison and velvet production Deer in the wild mainly live in alpine or arid areas with atrocious weather, directly affecting many types of ecosystems and plant species, and are an important member of natural and grazing ecosystems Of domesticated deer, wapiti holds one of the largest populations There are 8 subspecies of wapiti in China, and their range has already extended to farmed areas 

关 键 词：鹿类 鹿 马鹿 人类活动 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学]