21世纪的“海洋破碎带”  

OCEANIC BROKEN AREA" IN THE 21ST CENTURY

作　　者：孙峰华[1] 刘养洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院旅游文化研究所,烟台264025 [2]山西师范大学地理系,临汾041004

出　　处：《人文地理》2002年第6期71-76,共6页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (499710 35 )

摘　　要：本文简析了海洋的争夺史 ,在此基础上提出了本文的中心议题— 2 1世纪的“海洋破碎带”。探析了“海洋破碎带”形成的七大因素 ,即 :①海洋霸权主义对海洋国际贸易通道的争夺 ;②国际间对海洋国土的争夺 ;③海洋生物资源的争夺 ;④海洋矿产资源的争夺 ;⑤南极大陆的争夺 ;⑥海军军备竞赛 ;⑦海缘政治形势日益恶化。阐释了 2 1世纪“海洋破碎带”分布的海域。最后指出 ,中国不仅是一个陆地国家 ,也是一个海洋国家 ,中国的海上安全已近底线。为此 ,中国必须树立新的海洋观念 ,建立强大的海军 。This paper briefly analyses the history of oceanic contention, points out that the oceanic consciousnesses of all countries are stronger. In fact, oceanic war of the past was for ocean wealth and ocean channel, while ocean war of the present is for oceanic resources or itself. The oceanic struggle will last for a long time and sharp. The result of oceanic struggle necessarily leads to oceanic regional war, leads to take shape 'Oceanic broken areas'. The 21st century will be an ocean century. Ocean consciousness enhancement of each country necessarily leads to intensely fight for ocean. In view of the standpoint, yet peace and development though the subject of the 21st century is, ocean area war is difficult to refrainment. This paper probes into seven factors that 'oceanic broken area' forms. They are: ①contention of ocean hegemonism for oceanic international trade sea lane; ②contention for ocean territory between a country and others; ③contention for oceanic resources; ④contention for oceanic mineral resources;⑤contention for the Continent of South Pole; ⑥navy armament race; ⑦deteriorating of sea political situation. The article adopts to analyse the contributing factors of 'oceanic broken area', considers that 'ocean broken area' in the 21st century mainly distributes under the oceanic regions. ①Ocean war will mainly take place at coastal waters of littoral ocean regions. Considering the present situation, 'oceanic broken areas' of the world first forms at two oceanic regions. One is oceanic regions around Middle East Area (including: Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf). Another is Asia East Ocean Area (including: Sea of Okhotsk, Japan Sea, Yellow Sea, East Sea, the oceanic regions around Taiwan, South China Sea). ②'Oceanic broken areas' can be formed at the high seas of Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean. ③With the countries of establishing scientific investigatory stations in Antarctic Continent continuing increase, the ownership problem of Antarctic con

关 键 词：21世纪 “海洋破碎带” 海洋意识 海洋国土 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]