毛细现象辨析  

Analysis 0f Copillarity

作　　者：钟育乔[1] 吴多雄 

机构地区：[1]海南医学院物理教研室,海口570005

出　　处：《海南大学学报（自然科学版）》1993年第3期30-34,共5页Natural Science Journal of Hainan University

摘　　要：经过反复观测,我们发现毛细管液柱上升最大高度在液体表面张力α及温度确定之后,还与管壁的湿润或干燥有关,当管长小于最大高度时,液柱并不上升到管口,通常总在管口之下数毫米至十分之几毫米。“三力说”已不能解析毛细现象的机制,而“四力说”却能较完满解析之。在。三力说”提出(1)α,(2)β(固体附着层表面张力),(3)f(固液分子间附着力)的基础上提出还存在第四种力,y(固汽附着层的表面张力),它与液体的蒸汽压强有关。本文根据“四力说”对毛细管液柱上升或下降的动力及其能量的转化问题作了定量分析且与实验吻合,反过来证明了“四力说”的正确性。Having observed and measured the maximum asclnt of capillary liquid column repeatedly, we have found that it is not only related to the surface tension a and the temperature, but also to the moisture and the dryness of the capillary wall. When the length of the capillary is less than the maximum height of the capillary ascent, the liquid column does not reach the top of the capillary. It is usually from several tenths to several milimeters below the top of the capillary. The 'Three Forces Theory' can not analyse the mechanism of the capillarity, while the 'Four Forces Theory' can do it rather perfectly. On the basis of the 'Three Forces Theory' which presents (1)α, (2)β(the surface tension of the solid adhesive later), (3)f(adhesive force between the molecules of solid and liquid), it also presents that there is a fourth force in the capillarity, which is γ(the surface tension of the solid—gas adhesive layer). It is related with the intensity of the steam pressure of the liquid. This paper is based on the 'Four Forces Thory' to analyse the motive force and its energy change problem to the capillary ascent and descent quantitatively, and the results are coincident with the experiments. It proves the correctness of the 'Four Forces Theory' the other way round.

关 键 词：毛细现象 附着层 表面张力 液体 

分 类 号：O552.421[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]