樟子松树栖真菌群落物种多样性及其与病害的关系  

The Relationship between the Species Diversity of Dendrocola Mycoflora on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Disease

作　　者：杨传波 黄敬林 李宝年 徐树辉 庞丽杰 张树森 陈金贵 李耀民 项存悌[3] 谢运海[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省尚志国有林场管理局,尚志150600 [2]黑龙江省林业厅 [3]东北林业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2004年第5期94-96,共3页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：1999年黑龙江省林业厅重点课题"樟子松枯梢病防治技术"的研究内容

摘　　要：通过对樟子松叶、枝、芽、果等部位进行组织切片和真菌分离培养 ,鉴定出真菌 2 4种 ,其中子囊菌 3种、担子菌 1种、半知菌 2 0种。这些真菌种群在樟子松树体上可分为芽栖真菌、叶栖真菌、枝栖和果栖真菌 4大类 ,其种类组成和数量与樟子松树龄、叶龄、枝龄、树冠层次等有密切关系。芽栖真菌种类和数量随树龄的增加而增多 ,叶栖真菌 (特别是兼性寄生真菌 )的种类和数量随叶龄的增加而增多 ,枝栖真菌种类和数量随枝龄的增加而增多。樟子松树栖真菌种群组成也随环境条件而发生变化 ,在发病的樟子松林分内樟子松枯梢病菌数量激增占主导地位 ,环境条件的恶化是促成变动的主要原因。在健康的樟子松林分内也广泛地分离到樟子松枯梢病菌 ,表明该病害是潜伏性的侵染病害。Through slice-making and isolated culture, 24 species of fungi have been identified from buds, needles, branches and stems of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica). Among them, there are 3 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycetes and 20 imperfect fungi. The dendrocola fungal community can be divided into four types—bud-habiting mycoflora, needle-habiting mycoflora, branch-habiting mycoflora and fruit-habiting mycoflora. Generally, the composition and quantity of species in each community have close relationships with the ages of trees, leave and branches of Scotch pine as well as tree crown storey. The species and quantity of bud-habiting, needle-habiting and branch-habiting mycoflora increase respectively with the prolonging of tree age, leaf age and branch age. The species diversity indices of dendrocola mycoflora of Scotch pine vary with environmental condition. The amounts of Diplodia pinea increase sharply to hold leading position in Scotch pine stand damaged by dendrocola mycoflora, and the deterioration of environmental condition is the main reason leading to this kind of change. Diplodia pinea can also be isolated from healthy Scotch pine, which indicates that Diplodia shoot blight is latent infectious disiease.

关 键 词：樟于松 枯梢病 树栖真菌 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S791.253[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S763.15[农业科学—林学]