渭北旱塬矮化富士苹果幼树N,K营养状况分析  

N and K nutrient status of dwarfing red Fuji apple young tree under different fertilizer and irrigation conditions

作　　者：王进鑫[1] 张晓鹏[2] 高保山[2] 王健[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第10期20-24,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目(96-004-05-07);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043602);西北农林科技大学回国人员科研启动基金项目(080804)

摘　　要：　采用311-A最优混合设计,以有机肥、无机肥(mN∶mP2O5∶mK2O=1∶0.7∶1)和补充灌水量为主要因子,通过田间试验和室内叶分析,对无病毒矮化红富士苹果树体的N,K营养状况进行了研究。结果表明,在渭北旱塬南缘,红富士苹果幼园不施肥或施肥不足,均会造成树体N,K营养缺乏,成为影响幼树生长发育的主要限制因子,其中以N素缺乏尤为严重;在中量施肥条件下,N,K营养均为非限制性因素,但补充灌水能提高养分的有效性。对树体生长、发育和营养状况进行综合分析后确定,渭北旱塬南缘矮化红富士幼树的最适施肥量、灌水量分别为:有机肥20000～24536kg/hm2,无机肥N,K2O均为376.90～501.2kg/hm2,P2O5263.80～350.84kg/hm2,平水年补充灌水量为24.8～61.8mm,丰水年可不进行补充灌水。A optimization composite design and foliar analysis were used to study water-fertilizer coupling effects on dwarfing red Fuji apple tree in juvenile period.The results showed that a rational application of fertilizer and water could improve nutrient status of nitrogen and potassium in the tree.Abiotrophy resulting from soil fertility in adequacy is a main limiting factor of growth and development of the trees in the region,especially nitrogen deficiency under the CK conditions.At moderate rates of fertilizer application,nutrient status of the trees is good,at the same time,the availability of nitrogen and potassium nutrient increases with the increasing of irrigation rates.Comprehensive analysis indicated that the rational application fertilizer and water for 1-3 years old dwarfing red Fuji apple tree in the region is farmyard manure 20 000-24 536 kg/hm^2,P_2O_5 263.80-350.84 kg/hm^2,N and K_2O 376.90-501.2 kg/hm^2,respectively,and supplemental irrigation 24.8-61.8 mm in normal year and non-irrigation in wet year.

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 矮化栽培 富士苹果 幼树 N K 营养状况 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]