农药对人体健康影响的风险评估  

The Approach of Human Health Risk Assessment from Pesticides

作　　者：高仁君[1] 陈隆智[2] 郑明奇[1] 张文吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学理学院,北京100094 [2]陶氏益农中国有限公司,北京100738

出　　处：《农药学学报》2004年第3期8-14,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

摘　　要：介绍了有关农药对人体健康风险评估的基本原则及程序。农药对人体健康的风险评估被许多国家政府机构和国际组织用作农药登记评审和农药安全性评价的重要依据,其风险评估程序包括危害性鉴定、剂量-反应评定、接触评定和风险描述四个步骤。危害性鉴定主要是研究农药可能对人体健康产生的影响;剂量-反应关系主要是研究对农药的不同接触水平可能导致的相应的影响健康的程度;接触评定是研究人们从食物、饮用水和其他各种可能途径中接触到的农药量,其中包括:饮食接触评定、职业接触评定和居住环境接触评定;风险描述是将危险鉴定、剂量-反应评定和接触评定的结果进行综合分析,来描述农药对公众健康总的影响。(The) (process) (and) (practice) (of) (human) (health) (risk) (assessment) (from) (pesticides) (was) (discussed.) Human health risk assessment process is used as a decision-making tool for pesticide registration and review in many countries and international organizations. The process of human health risk assessment contains four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, (exposure) (assessment) and risk characterization. Hazard identification is to answer what health (effects) can be caused by the pesticides. Dose-response assessment is to answer what are the health effects at different exposure levels. Exposure assessment is to answer how much of the pesticides are (people) exposed to through food, drinking water, and various non-agricultural uses. Exposure (assessment) includes dietary risk assessment, occupational exposure assessment and (reesidntial) (exposure) assessment. Risk characterization is to answer what is the (extra) risk of health problems likely to result from a pesticide in the exposed population.

关 键 词：人体健康风险评估 危险性描述 剂量-反应评定 接触评定 风险描述 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]