贵州万山汞矿尾矿堆及地表水的环境地球化学特征  

ENBIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINE WASTES FORM THE WANSHAN MERCURY MINE, GUIZHOU, CHINA

作　　者：张国平[1] 刘丛强[1] 吴攀[1] 杨元根[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所

出　　处：《矿物学报》2004年第3期231-238,共8页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX2-105);国家自然科学基金(40273039)

摘　　要：对贵州万山汞矿区尾渣堆(主要为炉渣组成)、地表水及河流沉淀物的汞迁移进行了研究。由于赋矿岩石为白云岩,高温煅烧的炉渣中含CaO等碱性物质,炉渣的风化作用释放出汞以及碱性水。流经尾渣堆的地表水碱性强(pH10.6～11.8)、电导率高,且具有明显不同的主要离子组成。万山汞矿矿石单一,主要为辰砂,其他矿石极少,因此炉渣及其渗滤水中除汞外的重金属含量很低。尾渣堆中的汞及碱性物质是对周围环境的主要威胁。在尾渣堆下游汞含量很快降低,约300m范围内水中的溶解汞从300～1900ng/L降至72ng/L,而且水的碱性也被中和。但是,由于尾渣堆中的汞及碱性物质含量高,尾渣堆的长时间风化及水流的溶解会将大量汞搬运到周围的土壤及水体并对生物产生不利影响。The main purpose of this study is to assess the potential impact of mining activities ofthe Wanshan mercury deposit in Guizhou Province,China,on the surrounding environment. Astudy was conducted on the distribution of mercuryin mine-waste calcine, surface waters, and stream sedimentsin the mining area. Host rocks of the Wanshan mercury deposit are carbonate rocks. Weathering makes the waste pile release not only mercury, but also alkaline water. Surface waters flowing through the furnace calcines pile show clearly higher pH values rangingfrom 10.6 to 11.8, higher EC values and different compositionsof major ions. The primary ore of the Wanshan deposit is simple, dominantly cinnabar, lacking other sulfides. As a result, other heavy metals are very rare in the calcines and water drained from the mine. The high Hg concentrations and alkalinity of the calcinepile are the major threat to the surrounding environment. Dissolved Hg concentrations drop from 300-1900 ng/L to 72 ng/L and the alkalinity is also neutralized, indicating natural downstream attenuation. However, due to the high concentrations of Hg and alkaline substancesin the calcines, weathering, erosion and mine runoff may deliver significant Hg to downstream environments with potential adverse effects on the sediment, aquatic and biological columns.

关 键 词：汞矿 矿山水 尾矿堆 环境地球化学 

分 类 号：TD864[矿业工程—金属矿开采] X142[矿业工程—矿山开采]