寒地早粳花培育种研究进展  

Research Progress on Anther Culture Breeding in Early Japonica Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：冯雅舒[1] 刘传雪[1] 张兰民[1] 王瑞英[1] 张淑华[1] 关士武[1] 张云江[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所,佳木斯154026

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2004年第5期79-81,86,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家863资助项目(2001AA241016);黑龙江省重大专项(GB01B102-03-03)。

摘　　要：在花药培养技术上,通过49个组合400个幼穗1200个颖花的研究,提出了依据植株和颖花形态判断花粉发育时期的具体指标;通过低温预处理和双态双层法提高花药力的方法。在花培育种遗传规律的研究上,对株高和叶瘟抗性的结果表明:F2的分布倾向于晚熟、高秆及抗病,即倾向于亲本的显性性状,而H2的分布则均匀对称,其中早熟、矮秆及感病植株的比例较F2高。在选择效率上,花培育成的审定品种的选择效率为0.93%,是同期常规育成审定品种选择效率0.28%的3.32倍。通过上述研究培育出了8个花培新品种,并且在品质、抗性、产量等方面表现突出,成为寒地稻区主栽品种,并讨论了水稻花培育种今后的发展方向。Through the study of 1200 flowers of 400 young ear of 49 combinations, a concrete index judging the period of the pollen development according to the shape of plant and flowers was put forward; and the way of shift the efficiency of anther culture by low-temperature pretreatment and two shapes and two layers culture method. On the anther culture breeding hereditary laws, through the study to the plant height and the resistance to leaf blast, the result showed that The distribution of H2 is inclined to the late-maturing, high stalk and disease-resistant, namely inclined to the parent's dominant characters, but the distribution of F2 is even and symmetrical, among of them the proportion of the early-maturing, short stem and sense disease plants was higher than F2. In selecting efficiency, the efficiency of the variety popularized by the anther culture is 0.93%, 3.32 times of 0.28% of that by conventional way in the same time. Now by anther culture method had been bred 8 varieties, show outstanding characters such as quality, resisting and yield. In this paper, also discussed the future developing direction in rice anther culture breeding.

关 键 词：寒地 早粳稻 花药培养 遗传育种 理想株型 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]