室内外空气污染对妇女呼吸健康的影响  

Effects of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health in Women

作　　者：王惠梅[1] 付葵[1] 赵敏[1] 白云[1] 顾文芳[1] 张红[2] 张华 

机构地区：[1]山西省妇幼保健院儿童医院,太原市030013 [2]山西省眼科医院,太原市030012 [3]山西省太原市环境监测站,030012

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2004年第10期73-76,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的探讨不同水平室内外空气污染对妇女呼吸健康的影响。方法选取位于太原市城区中心的坝陵桥地区为重污染点,位于太原北郊的上兰地区为轻污染点,按照国家环境监测技术规范,对2地的室内外主要空气污染物进行了监测。分别抽取2地妇女、儿童(学龄组和学前组)共510人,通过问卷调查、肺功能调查结果比较以及相关因素分析。结果2地妇女、儿童组呼吸道症状和疾病病史比较差异无显著的统计学意义。2地9～11岁儿童肺功能比较,仅在FVC、FEV和V50/V253项参数差异有显著的统计学意义,而2妇女组比较发现坝陵桥地区妇女肺功能好于上兰地区妇女,其中有7项参数差异有高度显著的统计学意义。儿童组通气功能障碍人数和主要肺功能参数低于界限值人数差异不显著,妇女组上兰地区显著多于坝陵桥地区(P<0.01)。坝陵桥地区燃气家庭和上兰地区燃煤家庭妇女、儿童进行比较后发现,儿童组肺功能参数有2项差异有显著的统计学意义,妇女组肺功能参数燃气家庭高于燃煤组,有8项指标差异有高度显著的统计学意义。燃煤组通气功能障碍和主要肺功能参数低于界限值人数多于燃气组,儿童组未见显著差别(P>0.05)。以肺功能参数为因变量进行多元逐步回归分析表明,妇女组肺功能与炉灶类型、在当地居住时间、年龄、职业有关;儿童组与性别、住房类型?OBJECTIVE To probe into the effects of different levels of indoor and outdoor air pollution on the respiratory health in Women.METHODS Selected the Ba Ling Qiao district,the central urban area,as the severe polluted site,the Shang Lan district,the suburban rural area,as the relatively light polluted site,The personal and family environment information was collected with questionnaires.The lung function was checked in two groups RESULTS The womens lung function in Ba Ling Qiao was better than that in Shang Lan,among which there were remarkable statistically differences in 7 parameters.The number of women whose valuse of FVC,FEV1.0 and V25/Ht were lower than the cut off points(abnormal number)in Ba Ling Qiao was significantly more than that in Shang Lan(P<0.01).Compared women lung functions of gas burning family in Ba Ling Qiao with those of coal burning family in Shang Lan,the lung functions of women in gas burning family were better than those in coal burning family,the abnormal number in coal burning family was more than that in gas burning family.CONCLUSIONS Indoor and outdoor air pollution affects womens lung function,both small and large airway function.Indoor local air pollutants,especially by coal burning are much more hazard to humans health than the outdoor air pollutants.Therefore,housewives are the main direct targets of indoor air pollution.It can protect women respiratory health from air pollution by improving living and ventilating condition in kitchen,changing type and qulity of domestic fuel,and avoiding passive smoking to decrease indoor air pollution.

关 键 词：空气污染 妇女 儿童 肺功能 健康 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]