施肥对酸性菜园土壤莴笋硝酸盐和叶片养分形态的效应  

Effect of fertilization on nitrate and nutrient forms of lettuce in acid garden soils

作　　者：李会合[1] 王正银[1] 李宝珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2004年第5期504-510,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中加合作项目(PPI/PPIC Chongqing-02);重庆市科委攻关项目(2000-6208)资助。

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了3种酸性菜园土壤(强酸性、酸性和微酸性土壤)不同氮磷钾配比及其与硝酸盐复合控制剂配施对莴笋产量、硝酸盐及叶片养分形态的影响。结果表明,莴笋产量以微酸性土>酸性土>强酸性土,酸性和强酸性土壤上配施硝酸盐复合控制剂可使莴笋显著增产(达6.2％～18.2％),而微酸性土壤则相反。HNK配施硝酸盐复合控制剂在3种土壤上分别降低莴笋茎和叶硝酸盐含量25.1％～76.3％和3.1％～27.7％(微酸性土除外),降低作用以茎>叶,以HNK+C2处理效果最好。莴笋叶片硝酸盐含量以酸性土壤>微酸性土壤>强酸性土壤,茎中硝酸盐以酸性土壤为最高。莴笋叶片氮、磷、钾形态分别以蛋白氮、非蛋白磷、非蛋白钾为主,HNK配施硝酸盐复合控制剂(HNK+C3除外)提高莴笋叶片蛋白氮占全氮、蛋白磷占全磷和蛋白钾占全钾的比例。莴笋叶片硝酸盐含量与全氮、蛋白氮、全磷、蛋白磷和蛋白钾含量呈极显著负相关。Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios combination with complex nitrification inhibitors on the yield, nitrate content and nutrient forms of lettuce(Lactuca saliva L. ) were studied in three acid garden soils under field experiment condition. The results indicated that the yield of lettuce was in the order of little acid soil > acid soil > strong acid soil. In acid and strong acid soil, the yield of lettuce was significant increased by 6.2%-18.2% , but decreased in little acid soil. The nitrate contents of lettuce stem and leaf were decreased by 25.1%-76.3% and 3.1%-27.7% (except in little acid soil) in HNK treatment (high rate of N and K fertilizers) combination with complex nitrification inhibitors. The effect was stem > leaf and the HNK + C2 (complex nitrification inhibitor No. 2) treatment was best. The nitrate content of lettuce leaf in three soils was acid soil>little acid soil>strong acid soil, and nitrate content of lettuce stem was highest in acid soil. The nutrient forms of N, P, and K in lettuce leaf were mainly protein N, non - protein P and non - protein K. The ratio of protein N to total N, protein P to total P, protein K to total K was increased in HNK + C1 (complex nitrification inhibitor No. 1) and HNK + C2 treatments. There were significant negative correlations between nitrate content and total N, protein N, total P, protein P, protein K of lettuce leaf.

关 键 词：酸性菜园土 施肥 莴笋 硝酸盐 养分形态 

分 类 号：S636.206[农业科学—蔬菜学]