豫东平原垄播沟植麦棉套作耕作栽培试验研究  

Analysis of Soil Water and Physiology and Yield Reaction to Relay Intercropping of Wheat Sowed on Ridges and Cotton Planted in Furrows in East-henan Plain

作　　者：王和洲[1] 陈金平[1] 孟兆江[1] 汪俊方 田启磊 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003 [2]商丘市梁园区农业综合开发办公室,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2004年第5期10-13,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技攻关课题(2001BA508B02);国家自然科学基金课题(50379054)

摘　　要：为了寻求节水高效的麦棉套作栽培模式,2000～2002年进行了垄播沟植麦棉套作栽培模式的试验研究。结果表明,垄播沟植麦棉套作栽培模式的土壤水分周年变化适应了粮棉作物不同生育阶段对土壤水分的要求,改善了土壤水分的田间区域分布。1垄播小麦在蒸腾速率变化不大的情况下,光合速率、叶绿素含量和根系活力都明显优于传统平播,灌浆期有利于光合产物向产品器官的积累和分配,提高了不同叶位叶片对籽粒产量的贡献率,并最终表现为穗长和穗粒数明显增加,产量和土壤水分利用效率(WUE)分别提高7.3%和10.4%。2沟植棉花前期生长旺盛,根量明显提高,单株果枝数和铃重显著增加。还对垄播沟植麦棉套作栽培模式的综合效益做了进一步分析。The study of relay intercropping of wheat sowed on ridges (WSR) and cotton planted in furrows (CPF) was conducted from 2000 to 2002 year, in order to seek cultivation mode of higher water use efficiency. The result showed that the soil water (SW) change anniversary adapted to the need of wheat and cotton, improved the distribution of SW in the field. ① Under the condition of the transpiration rate changed slightly, the photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and the root system vigor of WSR were obviously higher than conventional flat sowed pattern. The WSR benefited the accumulation and the distribution of photosynthesis offspring to the product organs in the grain-filling stage, raised the contribution rate of different position leaves to outcome, and final came up to significant increase of ear length and grain number. The yield and water use efficiency increased 7.3% and 10.4% respectively. ② The cotton planted in furrows grew vigorously in earlier stage, the side root system capacity was clear to be raised, fruit-bearing shoot number and bell weight of per plant increased significantly. The further analysis of comprehensive benefit of relay intercropping of WSR and CPF cultivation mode was made in this text.

关 键 词：套作 栽培模式 土壤水分 豫东平原 栽培试验 耕作 生育阶段 改善 积累 试验研究 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]