栽培密度不同的春小麦小孢子发育的细胞学观察  

A Cytological Study on Microspore Development of Spring Wheat Under Different Cultivated Density

作　　者：刘凤珍[1] 李彦[1] 陈利平 安玉麟[1] 敦惠霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业科学院,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《华北农学报》1993年第2期59-63,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

摘　　要：本文对栽培密度不同的三个春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种的小孢子和花粉发育进行了细胞学比较研究.结果表明:(1)在花粉母细胞时期.稀植小麦的小孢子发育略快于密植的.即当稀植小麦花粉母细胞开始减数分裂、药壁绒毡层开始解体时.密植小麦花粉母细胞刚形成.药壁完整;(2)到二、四分体时期、稀植小麦花粉母细胞发育加快.当其90%形成二、四分体时,密植小麦花粉母细胞才有50%将分裂成二分体.仅部分形成了二分体;(3)当小孢子发育到单核靠边期.稀植的主穗和分蘖穗发育越来越快.并有分蘖穗赶上主穗的趋势;而密植的分蘖穗发育减慢以至停止.The results of cytological study indicated that the different cultivated density of spring wheat exerted different influence on the development of the microspore of spring wheat: (1 )Development of the microspore of the low -density wheat was quicker than that of the high -density wheat at the stage of pollen mother cell ,i. e. the pollen mother cell of high - density wheat was just formed and the anther wall did not degenerate while the pollen mother cell of the low -density wheat came to meiotic division,and the anther wall tapetum began to degenerate. (2)During the stages of dyad and tetrad,the pollen mother cell of the low -density wheat developed more quickly than that of the high -density wheat. 50% pollen mother cells of the high -density wheat did not divide into dyad and tetrad,or only parts of them formed dyad while 90% pollen mother cells of the low -density wheat formed dyad and tetrad. (3)At the late monokaryon stage of microspore the development of the microspore of the low - density wheat indicated that its major spikes and tillering spikes developed more and more quickly and tillering spikes showec a tendency to carch up with the major spikes in development. However,the development of the tillering spikes of the high -density wheat gradually slowed down or even stopped.

关 键 词：春小麦 栽培 密度 小孢子 细胞学 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]