银杏(Ginkgo biloba)叶表皮特征及其气孔的发育  

The epidermal characters and stomatal development of Ginkgo biloba

作　　者：陈立群[1] 李承森[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学生物科学与技术系,北京100084 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《植物研究》2004年第4期417-422,i007-i009,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 2 0 0 0 16);北京市自然科学基金 ( 80 3 2 0 13 )资助

摘　　要：通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜 ,对离析和未离析的、成熟的和刚开始发育的银杏叶表皮进行了研究。表皮基本特征 :两面生气孔型 ,但气孔主要分布在下表皮 ,上表皮气孔的数目和分布因个体而异 ;气孔器为单唇单环式 ,围绕每个气孔的副卫细胞数目多为 5～ 6个 ;副卫细胞的平周壁明显加厚 ,具乳突状突起 ,拱盖着下陷的保卫细胞 ;偶有双气孔发生 ;上表皮厚于下表皮 ;表皮细胞可明显分为叶脉区和脉间区。角质外蜡质层 :在高倍扫描电子显微镜下 ,管状的蜡质晶体交错覆盖在叶片的外表面 ,还观察到有些管状的蜡质晶体呈分叉状态。气孔的发育 :通过我们的观察 ,认为银杏气孔的发生属于典型的周源型 ,即副卫细胞与保卫细胞各自发生于不同的母细胞 ,而不是前人报道的中———周型起源。By using LM and SEM, the epidermis of macerated and unmacerated leaves, and the epidermis of young and mature leaves were investigated in Ginkgo biloba. The basic epidermal characters: amphistomatic, but most of stomata are in the lower epidermis. The number and distribution of the stomata in the upper epidermis are different individually. The stomatal apparatus is haplocheilic and monocytic: the sunk guard cells are usually surrounded by 5～6 subsidiary cells with thicken and papillate periclinal walls. Double stomata present occasionally. The upper epidermis is thicker than the lower. The morphology of the epidermis cells between vein zone are obviously distinguishable from those in vein zone. Epicuticular wax: The leaf wax forms wax crystalloids on the leaf surfaces in form of small round tubules as seen in the SEM with higher magnification. The majority projects of hollow tubules are away from the epidermis. And the branched wax tubules also had been found. Stomatal development: the development of stomata is typical perigenous that guard cell and subsidiary cell come from different mother cell, not meso—perigenous.

关 键 词：气孔 银杏 蜡质 发育 皮厚 细胞数目 表皮 观察 乳突 生气 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学] S651[农业科学—果树学]