客观身体形象与主观身体感受对生活满意感的贡献  

Contribution of Objective Body Shape and Subjective Body Feeling to life Satisfaction

作　　者：张力为[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2004年第5期522-528,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

摘　　要：整体自尊和身体感受是预测主观幸福感的两个重要变量。人们对自己身体情况的关注 ,是一种十分自然的日常反应。关于主观身体感受与主观幸福感的关系 ,有待研究的两个问题是 ,人的客观身体形象和主观身体感受 ,是否能在整体自尊的基础上 ,对预测生活满意感做出增值贡献 ;人的客观身体形象和主观身体感受 ,哪个能够对生活满意感做出更好的预测。 184名中学生和 15 3大学生共 337人参加了本项研究 ,平均年龄为 18 31岁 ,包括男 180人、女 15 5人 ,2人缺失性别数据。被试填写了测量生活满意感、整体自尊和主观身体感受的 5个量表。通过被试的年龄、性别、身高、体重计算出了客观身体形象指数。结果表明 :(1)在整体自尊的基础上 ,主观身体感受仍可对生活满意感的预测做出增值贡献 ;(2 )在主观身体感受的两类测量指标中 ,身体吸引力不能对生活满意感做出有效预测 ,但上周身体感受则可对生活满意感做出有效预测 ;(3)无论是体重偏轻组还是体重偏重组 ,客观身体形象均不能对生活满意感做出有效预测 ,但主观身体感受可对生活满意感做出有效预测 ;(4)主观身体感受与生活满意感之间的关系不受年龄和性别的影响。这些结果提示 ,对于人的主观幸福而言 ,主观身体感受比客观身体形象更重要。考虑到人对客观身体形象的可?Self-esteem and body feeling are considered as two variables for predicting subjective well-being (SWB). Attention to their body condition is people's very natural daily concern. Two questions to be answered in the relationship between body self-concept and SWB are: whether people's objective body shape and subjective body feeling contribute to prediction of life satisfaction beyond general self-esteem, and which one can better predict life satisfaction, objective body shape or subjective body feeling. The participants were 184 high school students and 153 university students with average age of 18.31 years, including 180 males and 155 females(two students did not report their gender). The participants were invited to complete 5 scales for measuring life satisfaction, general self-esteem, and subjective body feeling. Objective Body Shape Index was calculated through participants' age, gender, height and weight. The results indicated that:(1) subjective body feeling had an added value in predicting life satisfaction above or beyond general self-esteem; (2) among two indicators of subjective body feeling, body attractiveness failed to predict life satisfaction,whereas last-week-body-feeling effectively predicted the life satisfaction; (3) objective body shape in both heavier weight group or lighter weight group (compared with the standard weight) was not an effective indicator for predicting life satisfaction; (4) the relationship between subjective body feeling and life satisfaction was not affected by age and gender. These results suggested that as far as subjective well-being concerned subjective body feeling is more important than objective body shape. Because people have less controllability over their objective body shape than subjective body feeling, they should be encouraged and guided to develop a positive body feeling,which may result in gaining a higher level of subjective well-being.

关 键 词：体感 身体形象 感受 生活满意感 性别 主观幸福感 预测 自尊 客观 整体 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]