蝶腭孔、翼管前口的应用解剖及临床意义  

Applied anatomy and clinical significance of the sphenopalatine foramen and the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal

作　　者：彭大才[1] 李振强[2] 杨伟斌 孙建森[2] 姚远[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学应用技术学院解剖学教研室,重庆400050 [2]第三军医大学解剖学教研室,重庆400038 [3]重庆市卫生学校基础教研室,重庆400050

出　　处：《局解手术学杂志》2004年第5期292-294,共3页Journal of Regional Anatomy and Operative Surgery

摘　　要：目的　为鼻内窥镜翼管神经切断术等临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法　用 15个 3 0侧经防腐处理的成人头颅标本 ,经正中矢状面剖开 ,解剖观察测量蝶腭孔、翼管前口及穿过的血管、神经。结果　 19例 ( 63 .3 3 % )蝶腭孔位于中鼻甲后端前方平均8.0 9mm ;11例 ( 3 6.67% )位于在中鼻甲后端前上方平均 7.2 4mm。蝶腭孔呈圆形 2 4例 ,直径平均 3 .2 5mm ;呈卵圆形 6例 ,最大径平均 4.92mm。穿过蝶腭孔的动脉有蝶腭动脉 ,或其分支鼻后外侧动脉和鼻中隔后动脉。翼管前口位于蝶腭孔后方约 7mm ,呈圆形漏斗状 ,横径约 3mm ,略向外下方开口 ,距离鼻小柱平均 71.72mm ,有翼管神经和翼管动脉穿过。结论　经鼻腔暴露翼管前口及翼管神经 ,以及进入翼腭窝处理上颌动脉末端的分支时 。Objective To provide the anatomical basis for the vidian neurotomy by the endonasal endoscopy. Methods The sphenopalatine foramen and the anterior opening of the pterygoid canal on 30 sides formalin-preserved midsagittal adult head specimens were dissected and observed. Results The sphenopalatine foramen located on the anterior of the posterior end of the middle concha was found in 19 sides, and the spacing between them was about 8 mm. The sphenopalatine foramen located on the anterosuperior side of the sphenopalatine foramen was found in 11 sides, and the spacing between them was about 7 mm. Sphenopalatine foramen with round shape was found in 24 cases, and the average diameter was 3.25 mm, but oval-shaped sphenopalatine foramen was found in other cases, and the maximal diameter was averaged 4.29 mm. The arteries going straight through the sphenopalatine foramen were the sphenopalatine artery or its branches. The anterior opening of the pterygoid canal was located behind the sphenopalatine foramen and had a round infundibular shape. The openings were about 3 mm in the transverse diameter and passed through by the vidian nerve and the pterygoid artery. Conclusion The sphenopalatine foramen and the area around the foramen with very thin bony plate are the ideal operativeg route, through which some clinical operations such as the vidian neurotomy and treating the branches of the internal maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa can be performed.

关 键 词：蝶腭孔 翼管 翼管神经 应用解剖 

分 类 号：R323[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]