国外家畜粪便肥料成分含量快速预测方法的研究  

Study on quick estimation of fertilizer value of livestock slurries abroad

作　　者：杨增玲[1] 韩鲁佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学现代精细农业系统集成研究教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2004年第5期55-59,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目

摘　　要：研究家畜粪便的物理指标与其肥料成分含量的关系 ,用来预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量。目前国外主要研究的预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量的物理指标主要有 :干物质含量、比重、电导率、流变学特性、p H值及几个指标的组合。研究表明 ,预测牛、奶牛和猪粪便中氮和磷的含量可用比重和干物质含量 ,并且用比重代替干物质含量更易于实现畜禽粪便营养成分含量的快速和在线检测 ;电导率可预测牛、猪粪便中铵态氮和钾的含量 ;此外家畜粪便的流变学特性 ln( k )和 p H值也可用来预测某些成分 ,但效果较差。同时采用某The paper aims to present the authors' study on the quick estimation method of the fertilizer value of livestock slurries abroad. There is abundant content of N, P and K which can be recycled in the arable system to reduce the fertilizer input, but excessive application of them can cause pollution problems. Therefore, estimation of nutrients in the slurries is required. In doing so, the general practice is to send slurry samples to a laboratory for analysis, which is accurate but not attractive to farmers because of the time delay and cost. Therefore, quick estimation or prediction of the nutrient content in livestock slurries is highly demanded. In order to estimate the fertilizer value of livestock, it is of importance to study the relation between fertilizer value and the physical properties of livestock slurries. At present, physical properties of the livestock slurries exploited abroad are mainly dry matter (DM), specific gravity (SG), electrical conductivity (EC), rheological properties (ln(k)), pH and the corporate effect of the above two physical properties. It has been found that dry matter and specific gravity can be estimated by accounting the total nitrogen and phosphorus in slurries of cattle, dairy and swine, moreover, the specific gravity is even better than dry matter in quick test and/or on-line test. The estimated effect of nitrogen in swine slurries is even better than that with cattle and dairy slurries. The correlation coefficient of estimated potassium used dry matter or specific gravity doesn't seem better than 0.55. The electrical conductivity (EC) can also be evaluated for estimating the ammoniac nitrogen and potassium in slurries of cattle and swine. The effect of estimating ammoniac nitrogen in swine slurries is desirable (the correlation coefficient is better than 0.91). However, the conclusions of estimated potassium in slurries of swine and cattle do not seem highly consistent. Though rheological properties and pH can be evaluated by estimating some fertilizer values, their effects a

关 键 词：环境工程 家畜粪便 肥料成分含量 预测 物理指标 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]