北京市夏季空气微生物粒度分布特征  

Granularity Distribution of Airborne Microbes in Summer in Beijing

作　　者：方治国[1] 欧阳志云[1] 胡利锋[1] 林学强[1] 王效科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2004年第6期1-5,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目 (KZCX3 SW 42 4)

摘　　要：着重研究了夏季空气微生物的粒度分布特征 ,比较分析了北京市空气微生物粒度分布的变化状况 .结果表明 :空气细菌、空气真菌和空气放线菌的粒度分布特征各不相同 ,并且不随着时间和空间的变化而变化 .空气细菌呈偏态分布 ,大于 2 0μm的粒子约占总数的 80 0 % ,小于 1 0 μm的粒子最少 ,约占 9 0 % .空气真菌呈对数正态分布 ,1 0～ 6 0 μm的粒子约占70 0 % ,小于 1 0 μm的粒子最少 ,约占 5 0 % .空气放线菌粒度分布与正态分布恰好相反 ,大于 8 2 μm和小于 1 0 μm的粒子约占 6 0 0 % ;3 0～ 6 0 μm的粒子最少 ,约占 10 0 % .此外不同功能区优势真菌粒度分布规律基本一致 .枝孢属 (Cladospori um) ,青霉属 (Penicillium)和曲霉属 (Aspergillus)粒度主要分布在F3,F4和F5 (1 0～ 6 0 μm)中 ,约占总数的 85 0 % ,呈对数正态分布 .而交链孢属 (Alternaria)和无孢菌 (nonsporing)主要分布在前 4级 (>2 0 μm) ,分别约占总数的 90 0 %和 75 0 % ,呈偏态分布 .在过去 10年的城市化进程中 ,北京市空气微生物粒度分布的基本趋势没有变化 ,但是空气真菌粒度分布的峰值由原来的 3 0～ 6 0 μm降低到 2 0～ 3 0 μm .A study on granularity distribution of airborne microbes was conducted in details in summer, and the fluctuation regular was analyzed in Beijing. Results show that the distribution characteristics which are not changed with the different functional regions and periods are very different among airborne bacteria, fungi and actinomycete. Airborne bacteria appear skew distribution, the particles larger than 2.0 μm account for 80.0% of the total while smaller than 1.0 μm contribute 9.0% approximately. Airborne fungi are recorded with normal logarithm distribution, the particles between 1.0 μm and 6.0 μm account for 70.0% while smaller than 1.0 μm contribute 5.0% approximately. The distribution of airborne actinomycete are completely opposite to fungi, the particles larger than 8.2 μm and smaller than 1.0 μm account for 60.0% while between 3.0 μm and 6.0 μm contribute 10.0% approximately. Moreover, the granularity distribution of dominant fungi is consistent in different functional regions. But Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus are most collected in F3, F4 and F5 grades(1.0～6.0 μm) while Alternaria and nonsporing most in former four grades(>2.0 μm) of FA-Ⅰsampler, contributing 85.0%, 85.0%, 85.0%, 90.0% and 75.0% of the total respectively. The granularity of former presents normal logarithm distribution and latter skew distribution. In the past ten years, it is no change on the trend of microbial granularity distribution in Beijing, but the peak value declines from 3.0～6.0 μm to 2.0～3.0 μm.

关 键 词：空气细菌 空气真菌 粒谱范围 粒度特征 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q938.14[生物学—微生物学]