城市化对水体非点源污染的影响  

Impacts of the Urbanization on Waters Non-Point Source Pollution

作　　者：杨柳[1] 马克明[1] 郭青海[1] 赵景柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2004年第6期32-39,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家'十五'重大科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 2AA60 10 2 2 )

摘　　要：非点源污染现已成为世界上许多国家水体污染的重大污染源 .长期以来 ,农业非点源污染受到高度重视 ,城市非点源污染的研究相对较少 .而城市化是当今土地利用变化影响水质、流域的水文和其他物理特性以及发生潜在非点源污染的突出形式 .城市化对水体非点源污染的影响 ,主要体现在使非点源污染的“源”、“过程”和“汇”发生了变化 .本文从描述 预测评价 应用的角度总结了国际上城市化对城市水体非点源污染影响的研究 .目前主要侧重于用模型来描述城市化对城市非点源污染过程的影响 ,模拟预测非点源污染物的负荷等 .从景观生态学格局与过程的角度 ,探讨城市化和城市非点源污染之间的关系 .Non-point source (NPS) pollution is the prominent source of water pollution in many countries, included America and China, of the world. Urban NPS pollution was attached little importance for long, compared with agriculture NPS pollution. While urbanization is the dominant form of land-use change in terms of impacts on water quality, the hydrology, other physical properties of watersheds as well as their NPS pollution potential at present. The formation of urban NPS pollution of water could be described by “source-process-sink'. Urbanization has changed the source, process and sink of urban NPS pollution. A review was conducted on the international researches of urbanization impacts on NPS pollution in urban water environment from the point of view of “describe-predict and evaluation-application'. The studies of urbanization impacts on urban NPS pollution were focused on modeling the process of urban NPS pollution by hydrologic model, predicting the pollutants load of NPS pollution. It is a fresh methodology that the relationship between urbanization and urban NPS pollution of water was analyzed by the method of landscape change and ecological process. The research on temporal-spatial comprehensive impacts of landscape pattern changes, led by urbanization, on the urban NPS pollution will be one of the hotspots.

关 键 词：城市化 城市非点源污染 格局与过程 土地利用变化 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]