“占群”还是“挑战”?不同时间限制条件下麋鹿个体的交配计策(英文)  

“Harem defending” or “challenging”:alternative individual mating tactics in Père David’s deer under different time constraint

作　　者：蒋志刚[1] 李春旺[1] 曾岩[1] Fredrik WIDEMO 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所 [2]Department of Animal Ecology,Evolutionary Biology Center,Uppsala University,Villavagen 9 S-75236 Uppsala,Sweden

出　　处：《动物学报》2004年第5期706-713,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：TheresearchwasfundedbythegrantsfromNationalKeyBasicResearchandDevelopmentProject (No G2 0 0 0 0 4680 5 ) ;andtheChineseA cademyofSciences (No KSCX2 SW 118)

摘　　要：在麋鹿的发情交配季节 ,雄性麋鹿可区分为 3种类型 :“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”。“群主”是一头圈占并控制雌鹿活动的优势雄性。“挑战者”不占有雌性繁殖群 ,但在发情场附近地点展示炫耀。当雌性繁殖群的雌鹿外出采食靠近“挑战者”的展示炫耀地点时 ,“挑战者”会积极地寻求机会与之交配。“单身汉”在繁殖季节不表现发情行为。他们像非繁殖季节一样采食 ,采食后蹲在水塘中休息。我们对何种因素决定麋鹿个体的发情交配计策感兴趣。 1996至 1998年夏天 ,我们在北京麋鹿苑观察麋鹿发情交配行为以分析导致这些行为差异的原因。结果发现 ,“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”用于维持生命的时间预算与用于发情的时间预算成反比 ,并且 ,“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”用于维持生命的时间预算与用于发情的时间预算差异显著。“群主”的绝大部分时间用于发情占群 ,而用于采食、饮水的时间很少 ,所以 ,“群主”在发情期间基本上处于禁食状态 ,靠消耗体内脂肪维持生命。“单身汉”则相反 ,绝大部分时间用于采食、休息和反刍 ,基本上没有发情行为。“挑战者”在发情行为与维持生命行为之间的时间则居于“群主”与“单身汉”之间。交配次数是偏态分布的 ,与雄性发情时间呈正比。“群主”Three types of Père David’s stags are distinguishable during the rutting season:the “harem masters”,“challengers” and “bachelors”.A “harem master” is a dominant stag that collects and controls the female deer.“Challengers” do not have a harem,they display at stands near the rut pond.When the hinds come out to feed,they may come to the stands to mate with the “challengers”,or the “challengers” may actively approach the hinds to seek the opportunity of mating.The “bachelors” do not rut during the reproductive season,they forage as usual in the non-breeding seasons,after foraging they sit in water.We were interested in which factor determines the rut tactics of individual stags.From the summer of 1996 to the summer of 1998,we conducted behavioral observations in the Beijing Milu Park to investigate the mechanism underlying the phenomenon.We found that the time budgets for life maintenance and rut are inversely related in the three types of stags.The time budgets for life maintenance and rut of the “harem masters”,“challengers” and “bachelors” were significantly different.The “harem masters” spent most of their time rutting and used little time for life maintenance activities such as feeding,rumination and drinking,they lived in a state of fasting,and depended on their body reserve to live during the rut.In contrast,“bachelors” invested most of their time feeding and resting but virtually no time rutting.The “challengers” had intermediate time budgets between those of harem masters and “bachelors”.Matings are skewed in proportion to the amount of time a stag invests in rut activities.However,while harem masters had higher probability of mating than those of “challengers” and “bachelors”,the difference in probability of mating between “challengers” and “bachelors” was not significant.The rut days of masters were significantly shorter than that of “challengers”,harem defending days of masters were significantly shorter that that of “ch

关 键 词：发情行为 采食 麋鹿 交配 发情时间 发情期 反刍 挑战 不同时间 休息 

分 类 号：Q418[生物学—生理学]