罗斯比中心区域气候模型Ⅱ:北极圈气候的应用  

The Rossby Centre Regional Atmospheric Climate Model Part Ⅱ:Application to the Arctic Climate

作　　者：ColinG.Jones KlausWyser AndersUllerstig UlrikaWillén 毛留喜 张祖强 

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]隶属于罗斯比中心／SMHI [3]罗斯比中心／SMHI为北极圈耦合区域气候模型从事计算机编程，数据处理和系统管理工作 [4]RossbyCentre,SMHI,SE-60176Norrképing,Sweden

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2004年第4期191-200,共10页

摘　　要：作为ARCMIP国际计划的一部分,罗斯比中心区域气候模型(RCA2)针对整个北冰洋地区的气候作了数值模拟整合,并与来自SHEBA数据集的观测资料作了比较,RCA2标准模型对北极冬季的云量和长波辐射的模拟较实况偏多。通过引入新的云量参数化方案(该参数化方案显著地改进了云量的年循环)减少了这部分误差,确定了介于晴空向下大气长波辐射与云层底部的长波辐射的补偿率,利用可以更准确描述冰晶与太阳辐射相互作用的辐射方案修正了模型,从而使得模型对云-太阳辐射间的相互作用的描述更接近实际。在模拟晴空辐射部分,由于太阳辐射大气透射率过大,经常在边界层云的顶部产生正偏差。引入真实海冰和积雪两种表面反照率的时间变化,对准确模拟地面能量净收支是至关重要的。同样,为了准确模拟北极圈地区近地面的热力学过程,将雪面温度作为预报量引入模型中也似乎是必不可少的。The Rossby Centre regional climate model (RCA2) has been integrated over the Arctic Ocean as part of the international ARCMIP project.Results have been compared to observations derived from the SHEBA data set.The standard RCA2 model overpredicts cloud cover and downwelling longwave radiation,during the Arctic winter.This error was improved by introducing a new cloud parameterization,which significantly improves the annual cycle of cloud cover.Compensating biases between clear sky downwelling longwave radiation and longwave radiation emitted from cloud base were identified.Modifications have been introduced to the model radiation scheme that more accurately treat solar radiation interaction with ice crystals.This leads to a more realistic representation of cloud-solar radiation interaction.The clear sky portion of the model radiation code transmits too much solar radiation through the atmosphere,producing a positive bias at the top of the frequent boundary layer clouds.A realistic treatment of the temporally evolving albedo,of both sea-ice and snow,appears crucial for an accurate simulation of the net surface energy budget.Likewise,inclusion of a prognostic snow-surface temperature seems necessary,to accurately simulate near-surface thermodynamic processes in the Arctic.

关 键 词：气候模型 长波辐射 云量 参数化方案 年循环 太阳辐射 北冰洋 中心区域 地区 罗斯 

分 类 号：F127.51[经济管理—世界经济] P425.42[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]