大气环境质量对学龄儿童呼吸健康的影响  

Effects of Air Quality on the Respiratory System of Pupils

作　　者：胡衡生[1] 黄励[1] 张新英[1] 罗洪亮[1] 朱易[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范学院资源与环境学院,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2004年第6期386-388,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(桂科自0135042);广西师院环境硕士点建设和广西科技创新金源单位项目资助

摘　　要：目的研究大气环境质量对学龄儿童呼吸健康的影响。方法根据南宁市环境监测站的常规监测资料,选择分别位于南宁市重污染区、中污染区和轻污染区的3所小学的全体学生为研究对象。空气质量采用上海大气质量指数进行评价;疾病资料通过流行病学调查和问卷调查收集。结果重污染区学生支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘、鼻炎、扁桃体炎的患病率高于轻污染区(P<0.05)。用非条件Logistic回归模型计算了以上几种呼吸系统疾病的OR值和95%的可信区间,通过调整性别、年龄、家庭用煤、家庭成员吸烟、父母亲呼吸系统病史、大气污染等因素,在控制了其他因素后,大气重污染区学龄儿童患呼吸系统疾病的危险性显著高于轻污染区(P<0.05或P<0.01)。父母亲呼吸系统疾病史、家庭成员吸烟、家庭燃煤也是危险因素。结论大气污染能引起学龄儿童的呼吸系统健康的损害。Objective To study the effects of air quality on the the respiratory system of pupils. Methods Based on the routine monitoring data of Nanning City from Nanning environmental monitor station , all pupils from three elementary schools which located in heavy polluted area, middle polluted area and light polluted area respectively were investigated. The atmosphere quality was assessed with Shanghai Atmosphere Environmental Index. The illness data were collected by epidemiological investigation, questionnaire and physical examination. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were employed in the statistic analysis. Results The morbidity of bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, rhinitis, etc. in pupils lived in heavy polluted area was higher than that in light polluted area (P<0.05).The OR value and the 95% believable interval were calculated with the model of non-conditional Logistic regression. The following factors were adjusted: sex, age, coal consumption in family, smoking in family members, the parents' history of respiratory system illness, atmosphere polluted areas, etc. After controlled the other factors, it could be demonstrated that the risk of subject to respiratory system illness in pupils lived in heavy polluted area was significantly higher compared with the light polluted area (P<0.05 and P<0.01), the parents'history of respiratory system illness, smoking of family members, coal consumption in family were also the risk factors. Conclusion Air pollution may damage the function of respiratory system of pupils.

关 键 词：大气污染 儿童呼吸健康 健康损害 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]