云南省榕小蜂和榕树的物种组成及多样性  

Species composition and diversity of fig wasps and figs in Yunnan

作　　者：杨大荣[1] 徐磊[1] 彭艳琼[1] 魏作东[1] 段柱标[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223

出　　处：《生物多样性》2004年第6期611-617,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (3 0 170 171& 3 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 ) ;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向基金 (KSCX2 SW 10 5 ) ;云南省应用基础基金(2 0 0 1C0 0 65M& 2 0 0 2C0 0 19Q)

摘　　要：榕小蜂是榕树 (Ficusspp .)唯一的传粉昆虫 ,榕树隐头果又是榕小蜂唯一的寄主。榕树必须依靠榕小蜂传粉才能获得有性繁殖 ;而榕小蜂又必须依靠榕树隐头果内的瘿花作为食物和栖息场所才能正常生长、发育和繁衍后代 ,因此两者间有着不可互缺的互惠共生关系 ,二者缺一就面临着两类物种同时消亡和群落的灭绝。云南是中国榕树和榕小蜂种类最丰富的省份。本文报道了在云南采集到的榕小蜂类群 ,隶属 12属 5 0种。云南的榕树和榕小蜂主要分布在热带和南亚热带地区的河谷和海拔 16 0 0m以下区域。随着海拔的升高 ,两类物种数量随之减少 ,到了海拔 370 0m以上地区 ,除了人工种植外 ,已无自然分布的榕树种群。榕小蜂的个体数量、物种丰富度、多样性指数都是在滇南地区热带雨林内最高 ,滇西北的高山峡谷区最低。Hymenoptera of the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) are the obligate pollinating insects of fig trees (Ficus spp.), and fig syconium is the only host of fig wasp. For the pollination of their flowers, fig trees are dependent upon fig wasps. For their reproduction and growth, fig wasps are dependent upon the gall (ovaries) of the figs, in which their larvae develop. Thus, the two groups share a symbiotic relationship. Species diversity and richness of fig and fig wasp are highest in Yunnan among all the provinces of China. Our study shows that the fig wasps collected from Yunnan include 50 species of 12 genera, which are mainly distributed in the tropics and south sub-tropics below an altitude of 1600 m. Both figs and fig wasps decrease in species number with increasing altitude. Above an altitude of 3700 m, no natural fig tress were found, except for cultivated species. Species diversity increased in the following order: northwestern Yunnan (H′= 0.6902), northeastern Yunnan (H′= 0.6976), central Yunnan (H′= 0.9211), southeastern Yunnan (H′= 1. 2164), western Yunnan (H′=1.5017), and southern Yunnan (H′=1.6441).

关 键 词：榕小蜂 榕树 传粉昆虫 榕树隐头果 寄主 云南 

分 类 号：Q948.122.5[生物学—植物学]