氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米和普通玉米吸氮特性及产量和品质的影响  

Comparison of nitrogen absorption, yield and quality between high-starch and common corn as affected by nitrogen application

作　　者：金继运[1] 何萍[1] 刘海龙[1] 李文娟[1] 黄绍文[1] 王秀芳[2] 王立春[2] 谢佳贵[2] 张国刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081 [2]吉林省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2004年第6期568-573,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题(2001BA507A-03)资助。

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米(郑单21)和普通玉米(四密25)吸氮特性及子粒品质产量的影响。结果显示,与普通玉米相比,高淀粉玉米氮素最大吸收速率较大,出现日期早,成熟期吸氮总量高,但其子粒产量却较低。高淀粉玉米子粒中的氮素更多依赖于后期的根系吸收,而较少来源于前期营养体的氮素转移;其淀粉总量、支链淀粉含量较高,而直/支比值较低。在蛋白质及其组分含量上,郑单21含有较高的粗蛋白总量及清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量,但醇溶蛋白含量较低;在脂肪酸及其组成上,虽然郑单21的脂肪酸总量较低,但不饱和脂肪酸比例较高。在各品质组分上,支链淀粉、醇溶蛋白、软脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量对氮肥的反应与淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量和脂肪酸总量的变化趋势基本一致,均随施氮量的增加而增加,但过量施氮则其含量下降。施氮对直链淀粉含量、清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量、硬脂酸、花生酸和亚麻酸无明显影响。Field experiment was carried out to investigated nitrogen absorption, yield and quality between high-starch(ZD21) and common corn(SM25) as affected by nitrogen application. The result showed that ZD 21 got the higher highest absorption rate (HAR) and the earlier occurring date of HAR. ZD 21 contained more nitrogen but lower grain yield in maturity, when compared with SM25. The nitrogen sources in grain in ZD 21 were largely from nitrogen absorption by roots at later growth stage, and less from current translocation from vegetative parts. ZD 21 contained more contents of starch and amylopectin, and lower ratio of amylase/amylopectin, more crude protein, albumin, globulin and glutelin and lower zein, more fatty acid, and lower percentage of unsaturated fatty acid. Contents of starch, crude protein and fatty acid increased with nitrogen application, but decreased by excessive nitrogen. With regard to the quality components, amylopectin, prolaminecetin acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid followed same trends as starch, crude protein and fatty acid contents. While the nitrogen effect on contents of amylase, albumin, globin and glutelinand, stearic acid, arachidic acid and linolenic acid were minor.

关 键 词：高淀粉玉米 普通玉米 吸氮特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]