Seasonality in human semen quality of smokers and non-smokers: effect of temperature  

作　　者：Robert Kunzle Michael D.Mueller Alexander W.Huber Heinz Drescher Nick A.Bersinger 

机构地区：[1]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,MCL Laboratories,Dudingen,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland

出　　处：《Asian Journal of Andrology》2004年第3期243-247,共5页亚洲男性学杂志（英文版）

摘　　要：Aim: To analyse the possible effect of seasonal variation on semen parameters. Methods: The participants consisted of 1688 men attending the andrology laboratory between 1991 and 1997 for reduced fertility in the couple. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO manual. The 84 individual months of the study period were each assigned to one of the three groups according to the average monthly outside temperature; Group A (temperature <4.4℃), Group B (4.4℃-13.3℃) and Group C (>13.3℃). Results: When comparing the different sperm parameters, the morphology was significantly better in Group C. However, when the smokers were analysed separately, this difference disappeared and significant seasonal variations were found in sperm density, total sperm count, motility and total motile sperm; they were deteriorated in the warmer season. In non-smokers, no such negative effect of increased temperature was observed. Conclusion: Sperm quality is influenced by seasonal factors. Increased environmental temperature, (maybe also light exposure) has an additional negative effect on the spermato-genesis in smokers, leading to reduced sperm quality in men with borderline fertility.Aim: To analyse the possible effect of seasonal variation on semen parameters. Methods: The participants consisted of 1688 men attending the andrology laboratory between 1991 and 1997 for reduced fertility in the couple. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO manual. The 84 individual months of the study period were each assigned to one of the three groups according to the average monthly outside temperature; Group A (temperature <4.4℃), Group B (4.4℃-13.3℃) and Group C (>13.3℃). Results: When comparing the different sperm parameters, the morphology was significantly better in Group C. However, when the smokers were analysed separately, this difference disappeared and significant seasonal variations were found in sperm density, total sperm count, motility and total motile sperm; they were deteriorated in the warmer season. In non-smokers, no such negative effect of increased temperature was observed. Conclusion: Sperm quality is influenced by seasonal factors. Increased environmental temperature, (maybe also light exposure) has an additional negative effect on the spermato-genesis in smokers, leading to reduced sperm quality in men with borderline fertility.

关 键 词：sperm quality seasonal temperature FERTILITY SMOKING 

分 类 号：R321[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]