田间低钾胁迫条件下水稻对钾的吸收和利用效率  

Potassium Uptake and Use Efficiency of Rice Under Low-Potassium Stre ss Field Conditions

作　　者：胡泓[1] 王光火[1] 张奇春[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2004年第6期527-532,共6页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国际肥料协会 (IFA)资助项目;磷钾研究所 (PPI)资助项目;国际钾研究所 (IPI)资助项目

摘　　要：通过田间试验 ,研究了在不同程度低钾胁迫条件下 ,杂交稻和常规稻在不同生育阶段对钾的吸收、分配和利用效率。在连续 8季施氮、磷肥而不施钾肥的严重低钾胁迫条件下 ,施用钾肥使稻谷产量、水稻钾吸收总量显著增加而钾利用效率显著降低 ,同时表现出明显的耕作历史同施用钾肥间的交互作用。从幼穗分化期到抽穗期 ,水稻钾的积累量约占总积累量的一半以上 ,为水稻积累钾的关键时期。水稻对钾肥反应存在明显的品种间差异 ,在供钾充足条件下 ,杂交稻协优 4 6的钾吸收量显著大于常规稻秀水 11,但其钾利用效率却显著低于秀水 11,表现出对钾的奢侈性吸收 ;在缺K条件下 ,杂交稻的钾吸收量低于常规稻 ,其钾利用效率与常规稻无明显差异。运用混合型离子交换树脂球测试法 ,可以了解淹水条件下土壤中生物有效性钾的动态变化特征 ,原地埋置 7d的树脂球的钾吸附量同水稻地上部分钾吸收量呈显著正相关。Field fertilizer experiments were conducted to st ud y K uptake, distribution and use efficiency of hybrid and conventional rice un der different low-K stress conditions. Results indicated that grain yield and t otal K uptake by rice increased, while K use efficiency of rice decreased signi ficantly, and interaction effect between cropping history and K application was also significant. The phase from panicle initiation to flowering was critical for K uptake by rice and more than half of the total plant K was accumulated du ring this phase. Total K uptake by hybrid rice Xieyou 46 was significantly highe r compared with conventional rice Xiushui 11 from high-K soil. However, the K use efficiency of Xieyou 46 was significantly lower compared with Xiushui 11 , indicating that hybrid rice possessed potassium luxury consumption character . Under K deficiency situation, K uptake by hybrid rice was less than that by co nventional rice, there was no significant difference between the two rice variet ies in K use efficiency. Resin capsule method was used to measure the dynamic s of soil bio-available K during rice growth period. It was found that the accu mulated K of rice was positively correlated with the adsorbed K of resin capsule s embedded in situ soil for 7 days.

关 键 词：田间低钾胁迫 水稻 钾 吸收效率 利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]