罗氏沼虾小触角表面结构的观察  

THE SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE ANTENNULE IN FRESHWATER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII:AN ANTENNULE TYPE WITH AN APPENDAGE FLAGELLUM

作　　者：曾嶒[1] 项翔[1] 李琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学,海口570228

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2004年第6期613-621,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省教育厅基金(琼教高 1998(2 8) )资助

摘　　要：罗氏沼虾的小触角是一类具附鞭的小触角。作者应用解剖镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了它的表面形态结构。发现它具有如下特征 :1)内、外鞭极长 ,外鞭另具一条附鞭 ,而附鞭很短 ,位于内外鞭之间 ;2 )柄节具 2 5 0根以上的羽状刚毛、少量的笋状刚毛与硬刺刚毛 ;3)内鞭、主鞭分节 ,各节前缘环行分布着 4— 4 0根不等的软刺刚毛 ;4 )附鞭系一凹槽结构 ,槽内约着生着 2 0 0多根化感刚毛 ;5 )附鞭能纵向卷曲成圆筒状 ,以包裹槽内的化感刚毛 ;6 )化感刚毛分两段 ,下为硬管段 ,上为膜管段 ,其中膜管壁极薄 ;7)凹槽近侧端的节段内还具有许多芽状的初生化感刚毛 ,它们可发育成化感刚毛。因此 ,罗氏沼虾小触角的表面形态迥异于以往报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角 ,其附鞭构成嗅觉器官的主体结构 ,且其本身具有独特的保护化感刚毛之方式。此外 ,作者按形态学特征将已报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角分为蟹型、龙虾型、小龙虾型和对虾型四种类型 ,而罗氏沼虾小触角则属于另一种类型———罗氏沼虾型。The surface structure of the antennule of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ,an antennule type with and appendage flagellum,were observed in detail with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.The results revealed that:1)the antennule of M.rosenbergii was composed of inner flagellum or medial flagellum,outer flagellum or lateral flagellum,and three scapes.The outer flagellum consisted of an appendage flagellum and a main flagellum(Plate Ⅰ∶1);2)there were above 250 plumose setae on the whole scape portion(Plate Ⅰ∶2),in addition,there were several hard thorn setae(Plate Ⅰ∶4)and some bamboo shoot-like setae(Plate Ⅰ∶3)whose function is not clear at present;3)the inner and main flagella were extremely long(Tab.1)and their annuli were well-marked.There were 4～40 soft thorn-like setae on each segment of the flagella,whose top sealed and were thin.The shape of the born socket of the setae was U-type(Plate Ⅰ∶5);4)there was a concave slot on the ventral side of each appendage flagellum(Plate Ⅰ∶5,Plate Ⅱ:7,10,11).In the slot,there existed above 200 aesthetascs that were similar to the ones of Penaeus vannamei in quantity(Plate Ⅰ∶5,Plate Ⅱ:7—2) [16] ,but obviously fewer than that of the most of other decapod species known [4,8,12,15] ;5)the slot of appendage flagellum wrapped up in longitudinal direction to display a cylindrical status(Plate Ⅱ∶10),which maybe had a defensive function for their aesthetascs;6)each aesthetasc was divided into two parts,one was a hard tube part(lower part),the other was a membrane tube part(upper part)(Plate Ⅱ∶8).There were several segments along the hard tube part,and the wall of the part was thick.However,wall of the membrane tube part was extremely thin which maybe makes the chemical substances entry easier(Plate Ⅱ∶9);7)many bud-shape setae emerged from proximal segments of the slot of the appendage flagellum,and these setae were some primary aesthetascs as they became gradually to aesthetascs in whose appearance were comple

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 小触角 表面结构 附鞭 解剖镜 

分 类 号：Q959.223[生物学—动物学] S966.121[农业科学—水产养殖]