《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》将对我国刑事司法产生的影响  

作　　者：马长生[1] 王尚文[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,长沙410000 [2]西北政法学院,西安710061

出　　处：《政法论坛》2001年第5期46-53,共8页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国政府已于 1 998年 1 0月 5日签署了《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》。《公约》的签署和批准生效 ,必将对我国的刑事司法产生重大影响。主要是 :“严打”观念将会更新 ,死刑判决将会逐步减少 ,死刑的核准权将统归最高人民法院行使 ,增加无期徒刑和长期徒刑的适用 ,对有期徒刑的期限将会提出新的要求 ;沉默权与“坦白从轻”在未来的刑事诉讼中将会并行不悖。既要保护犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人的合法权益 ,允许其行使沉默权 ,又要提高诉讼效益 ,教育和鼓励犯罪嫌疑人和被告人如实坦白交待罪行 ;司法工作人员的人权意识将会有较大的提高 ,侵犯公民人身权利的职务犯罪将会明显减少。《公约》对公民权利的规定 ,不少内容同司法工作人员的职务有关。《公约》的签署和今后的批准生效 ,必将促进我国司法工作人员人权意识的提高 ,有效地预防和减少司法工作人员的职务犯罪。On October 5th, 1998 government of PRC signed International Convention for Civil Rights and Political Rights. The signature and ratification of the Convention and its entry-into-force are sure to exert great influence on the criminal judicature of China, which reflects in the following aspects. The concept of 'strike-hard' campaign will be renewed. Capital judgment will be gradually diminished. The competence for examination and approval of death sentences will be unitarily exercised by the Supreme People's Court. Application of life imprisonment and long-term imprisonment will be increased. New requirements for the time limit of fixed-term imprisonment will be raised. Right to muteness and 'leniency to those who confess their crimes' will not be mutually exclusive. The legal rights and interests of criminal suspects and criminal defendants should be protected and their right to muteness should be allowed to exercise, and litigious effect will be increased by educating and encouraging criminal suspects and criminal defendants to honestly confess their crimes as well. Judicial personnel's awareness of civil rights will rise greatly and crimes by taking advantage of duty that invade citizens' personal rights will decrease obviously. Quite a lot of content of the provisions concerning civil rights in the Convention are related to the judicial personnel's duties. The signature and ratification of the Convention and its entry-into-force in future will enhance judicial personnel's civil right awareness, and effectively prevent and reduce judicial personnel's committing the crimes by taking advantage of duty.

关 键 词：国际公约 刑事司法 影响 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]