苏联解体前后的中亚国家伊斯兰教状况  

Islam in Central Asian States before and after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union

作　　者：常玢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《东欧中亚研究》2001年第5期60-68,共9页East European Russian & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：戈尔巴乔夫于 1 985年 3月担任苏共总书记后 ,苏联对宗教和宗教组织几十年一贯制的严格管理与监督出现失控 ,长期受压抑的中亚伊斯兰教呈复苏态势。苏联的解体使中亚地区意识形态领域出现真空 ,已经沉淀为民族意识重要组成部分的伊斯兰教便乘虚而入 ,迅速蔓延 ,渗入社会生活的各个领域。伊斯兰教的复兴 ,往往同当地民族的历史和文化传统紧密地联系在一起 ,反映了宗教对政治的介入和参与。但是 ,在绝大多数情况下 ,中亚地区的伊斯兰教更多地是作为一种文化形态而非政治形态出现。由于社会历史状况不同 ,中亚五国伊斯兰教复兴的程度也各有特点 ,发展极不平衡。中亚伊斯兰复兴主要是一种文化的复兴 ,民族自觉性的复兴 ,基本上停留在重新宣讲宗教教义和宗教信念 ,恢复宗教传统的层面上。虽然其间发生过一些宗教干预政治的过激行为和局部的冲突、动乱 ,中亚五国的社会政治形势基本上还是稳定的。国家的宗教政策正确与否 ,同国家的稳定有着十分密切的关系。国家对宗教严加控制或放任不管的极端做法都是不足取的 ,容易导致社会失衡。一定要引导宗教同社会发展相协调 ,这是维护国家稳定的重要因素之一。After Gorbachev took over the post of general secretariat of Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985, stringent control over church and religious communities began to lose control, long-suppressed Islam in Central Asia began to rejuvenate. The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to ideological vacuum in Central Asia, the Islam that already infiltrated into national consciousness took over the vacuum, expanded so fast that it penetrated into different fields of social life. Islamic rejuvenation is closely linked with the history and cultural tradition of ethnical communities in Central Asia; it represents religious community's involvement and participation in politics. In majority cases, the Islam emerges as a cultural formation rather than a political formation. Islamic rejuvenation in Central Asia is mainly a cultural rejuvenation, a rejuvenation of national consciousness; it stays in the dimension of dissemination of religious teachings and religious beliefs and restoration of religious tradition. Although there were extreme and radical behaviors as well as partial conflicts and turmoil in religious community's interference in politics, the social and political situation in five Central Asian states is stable.

关 键 词：苏联解体 中亚国家 伊斯兰教 宗教复兴 社会稳定 

分 类 号：D736[政治法律—政治学]