腭帆提肌腭帆张肌开放咽鼓管作用的年龄解剖学和比较解剖学研究  

STUDY OF THE AGE AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY ABOUT THE ACTON OF LEVATOR AND TENSOR VELI PALATI MUSCLESON THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE

作　　者：姜平[1] 童鑫康[2] 欧阳琦[1] 吕力为[1] 陈可胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]镇江医学院解剖学教研室,镇江212001 [2]南京医学院解剖学教研室

出　　处：《解剖学报》1993年第1期6-11,共6页Acta Anatomica Sinica

摘　　要：以咽鼓管、腭帆提肌和腭帆张肌在颅底的附着点为依据,分别测量了成人、幼儿、新生儿、猴、犬和兔的颅骨。分析了腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌的解剖特点,与咽鼓管开放的相互关系以及与颅形的内在联系,并将测量数据与有关头部标本进行对照研究。腭帆提肌位于咽鼓管后下方,成人的腭帆提肌与正中矢状面和腭水平面夹角明显大于新生儿和动物的,提示成人腭帆提肌上抬咽鼓管后内壁的能力比新生儿和动物强,腭帆张肌位于咽鼓管前方,成人为垂直下降到达翼钩,新生儿及动物向前倾斜,提示两者对咽鼓管具有不同作用。由于人类和动物的脑颅骨与面颅骨位置关系不同,以及成人与新生儿呼吸、咀嚼功能发育不一,使成人、小儿和动物的颅形出现明显差异,导致腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌的方位改变。本文结果表明,咽鼓管开放在成人以腭帆提肌为主,新生儿和动物以腭帆张肌为主,幼儿则处于腭帆张肌尚作用减弱,腭帆提肌尚未发育完善,其功能尚未有效发挥的过渡阶段。The attachments of eustachian tube, levator and tensor veli palati muscles on the base of the skull were measured from the skulls of human adults, infants, newborns ad well as monkeys, dogs and rabbits, respectively. Anatomical characteristics of the levator and tensor veli palati muscles that related to eustachian tubal ventilation and skull morphology were analysed. In addition, some head specimens were dissected for contrast. Levator veli palati muscle (LVPM) lies in the posterioinferior of the eustachian tube. The angles between LVPM and median saggital plane and the angles between LVPM and horizontal plane of palate are larger and their ability of raising the eustachian tube is more effective in the adult than in the newborn and animal. From the eustachian tube to the hamulus, tensor veli palati muscle (TVPM) descends almost vertically in the adult, but ventroward in the newborn and animals, which suggested their different actions upon eustachian tube. The skull morphology of the human adult differs from child and animal, which changes the position and function of LVPM and TVPM. In conclusion, eustachian tube was opened by LVPM chiefly in the adult while by TVPM in the newborn and animal. The incidence of otitis media with effusion is higher in the infant as it is the trasitional stage that the action of TVPM had been decreased while that of LVPM would not have been established.

关 键 词：咽鼓管 腭帆 提肌 张肌 颅骨 

分 类 号：R322.42[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]