黑河中游人工绿洲防护体系植物耗水分析  

Water Expenditure of Artificial Oasis Defend System Plants in Heihe Middle Reaches Area

作　　者：赵爱芬[1] 赵雪[1] 陈怀顺[2] 杜明武[2] 李启森[2] 常学向[2] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院生物系,山东烟台264025 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2004年第6期148-151,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"项目(G2000048705)课题;中国科学院西部行动计划(KZCX1-09-02)课题资助

摘　　要：根据对黑河中游的植被调查、固定样地土壤水分监测和地下水位的监测数据,分析了黑河中游人工绿洲防护体系主要植物群落立地的土壤储水量动态规律,并对耗水量做了初步的分析。结果表明,沙枣(Elaeagnusangustifolia)、杨树(Populussp )和樟子松(Pinussylvestrisvar mongolica)等乔木林土壤储水量在春季远高于夏季,随植物开始生长土壤储水量迅速下降。而生长在沙丘的梭梭(Haloxylonammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarixchinensis)和沙丘芦苇(Phragmiteecommunis)土壤储水量变化很小,基本处于稳定状态。乔木的耗水量是灌木的2 5～3 5倍以上。绿洲防护体系的乔木植被耗水量每年需要2600～3800m3/hm2,梭梭、柽柳则需要1000～1500m3/hm2。从生态效益考虑,灌木植被对沙丘的稳定和绿洲的防护作用显著,且耗水量较少,从维护绿洲生态安全的角度,灌木固沙防护林起到了巨大的作用,但现有的植被立地土壤干旱化严重,植被已经到了衰退的边缘,需要给予补充水量。Probed into the water expenditure of the artificial oasis defend system plants base on the soil moisture dynamics and under grand water level in the Heihe middle reaches area. The results show that in the wood land of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Populus sp.and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica soil water storage more in spring than in summer. The soil water reduce rapidly with the tree growth. On the sand dune shrub land of Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis and Phragmitee communis, they growth where the soil moisture is stable during the growth season. The consume water is 2.5～3 times compare to the shrub and reed on the sand dune. According to that, the water expenditure of the wood land defend system need 2 600 ～3 800 m^3/(hm^2·a), shrub land need 1 000～1 500 m^3/(hm^2·a). From the point of limited water resource and the ecological benefit in the area, the defend system of the oasis need the shrub to fix sand more than the tree, however the soil moisture in the sand dune is strict drought. The vegetation of the shrub is getting on the decline.

关 键 词：黑河中游 人工绿洲 防护体系 植物 耗水分析 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]