高抗冲聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的阻燃性研究  被引量:24

STUDIES ON FLAME RETARDANCY OF HIPS/MONTMORILLONITE COMPOSITES

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作  者:刘向峰[1] 张军[1] 张和平[2] 

机构地区:[1]青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院,青岛266042 [2]中国科技大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026

出  处:《高分子学报》2004年第5期650-655,共6页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基  金:国家自然科学基金资助项目 (基金号 5 0 1760 2 1);国家重点基础研究专项经费资助项目 (项目号2 0 0 1CB40 960 00)

摘  要:用经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有机化改性的蒙脱土 (OMMT)与高抗冲聚苯乙烯 (HIPS)通过熔融插层法制备了HIPS OMMT复合材料 ,用X ray衍射技术对材料结构进行了表征 ,发现钠基蒙脱土 (Na+ MMT)和有机蒙脱土的层间距分别为 1 5 1nm和 2 18nm ,HIPS OMMT(5phr)复合材料中蒙脱土的层间距因聚合物大分子的插入扩大为 3 4 4nm ;而HIPS与Na+ MMT形成的复合材料的层间距与Na+ MMT的层间距相比却没有变化 ,表明未有机化处理土没有形成插层结构 .锥形量热仪的研究结果表明HIPS OMMT复合材料的热释放速率、质量损失速率以及生烟速率等燃烧特性参数均显著降低 ,具有较明显的阻燃性和抑烟性 ,而HIPS Na+ MMT非插层型复合材料只有在Na+ MMT很高填充量下 (>2 0phr)才有一定阻燃效果 .比较了铵盐对HIPS阻燃性的影响 ,结果表明铵盐自身的阻燃作用很小 ,主要是插层复合结构起阻燃作用 .Sodium-montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) was organically modified by cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide. Using the organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), a high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/OMMT composite was prepared by a melt intercalation method. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the spacing distances between the layers of the MMT were 1.51 nm for Na+-MMT, 2.18 nm for OMMT and 3.44 nm for HIPS/OMMT (at 5 phr) composite respectively while for the HIPS/Na+-MMT (at 5 phr) composite the spacing was 1.48 nm, showing that the HIPS chains were intercalated into OMMT by the melt intercalation process. The cone calorimeter was used to assess the flammability of the HIPS/OMMT and the HIPS/Na+ -MMT composites. The results demonstrated that comparing to the pure HIPS the heat release rates (HRR), the mass loss rates ( MLR) and the smoke production rates (SPR) for the HIPS/OMMT composites are all reduced dramatically, e. g. peak HRR of the HIPS/OMMT composite with only 5 phr OMMT decreases by 44.8%. In contrast, the properties of HIPS/Na+-MMT composites changed only slightly except in cases of high loadings. Meanwhile, the HRR of the mixture of HIPS and cetyltimethyl-ammonium bromide, and the HRR of the mixture of HIPS, cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide and Na+-MMT is-ere also measured and compared. It was found that the ammonium salt alone did not reduce flammability of HIPS significantly. The flame retardant mechanism of the HIPS/OMMT composite was discussed based on the analyses of the cone calorimeter data and the burnt residues. It was concluded that the resulted flame retardancy of the composite. was mainly due to the char layer which acted as both a barrier to mass transport of the degraded products and a thermal barrier to the feedback of the combustion heat. The study shows that the HIPS/OMMT composite is a promising environmental friendly flame retardant material.

关 键 词:聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料 阻燃性 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 熔融插层法 抑烟性 有机蒙脱土 锥形量热仪 

分 类 号:TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]

 

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