长期施肥条件下菜田-蔬菜生态系统变化的研究(Ⅲ)蔬菜产量与养分吸收量的变化  

Studies on Changes of Field - Vegetable System under Long-term Fixed Fertilizer Experiment(Ⅲ) Changes of Vegetable Yield and Nutrient Absorption under Different Fertilization Systems

作　　者：葛晓光[1] 高慧[1] 张恩平[1] 王晓雪[1] 张昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺学报》2004年第4期456-460,共5页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39970515)

摘　　要：长期单施有机肥可以提高土壤肥力,生物产量不高,经济产量明显高于对照,如果不增施氮素化肥,产量的提高就会受到限制;经过长期有机肥与氮素化肥施用与栽培,土壤中的钾素已经亏缺,钾肥与氮肥配施,增产效果明显;试验中配施磷肥基本上未见增产作用,在土壤有效磷充足条件下,过多施用磷肥可能会造成减产;依据长期试验观察与分析,提出“养分-产量的1/3空间规律”,并提出增施氮、磷、钾肥的有效性标准;土壤肥力较高或高产时,土壤养分利用经济;需肥量参数具有较大幅度的变化,应按照土壤肥力以及产量目标来合理调整并确定这个重要参数。Results of long-term fertilization trial showed that application of organic manure alone increased soil fertility, the increase of biomass was not much, but economic yield was much higher than that in control. The improvement of yield was limited without nitrogen fertilizer application. Over several years' cultivation with organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer potassium amount in soil turned out insufficient, therefore there was an apparent increase of yield with combined application of potassium and nitrogen. There was almost no effect for yield improvement with application of phosphorus. Extra phosphorus application resulted in less yields under sufficient phosphorus condition. On the base of observation and analysis of our long-term fertilization trial, 'the regular of one third capacity of nutrient-yield' and effective standard for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application were put forward. Nutrients were used economically when soil fertility or yield was quite high. There was a range for parameters of fertilizer requirement, so it should be adjusted according to soil fertility and yield.

关 键 词：蔬菜 长期施肥 产量 养分吸收量 需肥量 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] S606[农业科学—园艺学]