甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种后代亚倍体类型及细胞遗传学研究  被引量:3

Hypoploid Groups and Their Cytogenetic Analysis in Progenies from hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus

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作  者:吴建国[1] 石春海[1] 蔺兴武[1] 李再云[2] 傅廷栋[2] 

机构地区:[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院农学系,杭州310029 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出  处:《遗传》2004年第6期917-921,共5页Hereditas(Beijing)

基  金:浙江省教育厅资助项目;国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 9770 467)~~

摘  要:在甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间五倍体杂种后代中 ,鉴定出多种亚倍体类型。在P3 群体中 ,细胞学观察发现诸葛菜染色体替代甘蓝型油菜的 1对染色体异代换植株 ,体细胞由 36~ 38条染色体的 3种类型组成 ,但具 38条的体细胞与花粉母细胞 (PMC)占绝对优势 ,育性正常。在P4群体后代中鉴定出 3株具有 37条染色体的单体类型 ,形态与结实率均不相同。其中 1株生长势很强 ,其体细胞与PMC均由多种类型构成 ,但具 37条的体细胞与花粉母细胞占主要比例 ,未配对的染色体形态较小 ,对生长无明显影响。在染色体数为 4 4与 4 1的两种超倍体 (P3 群体 )后代 ,鉴定出具有 2 9~ 32条染色体的 4种亚倍体 ,除染色体数为 2 9的植株外 ,其余均为混倍体 ,它们的减数分裂异常 ,花粉育性低。Several groups of hypoploid were characterized in pentaploid(p) progenies of B. napus and O. violaceus Cytological characterization of the P 3 population revealed allosubstitution of one pair of B. napus chromosomes by O. violaceus chromosomes. This population had normal fertility and had three kinds of somatic cells with 36~38 chromosomes. Its somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMC) mainly had 38 chromosomes. From a P 4 population, three monosomic plants with 37 chromosomes were identified with differing morphology and fertility. One plant which grew vigorously was composed of various types of somatic cell and PMC, in which the cells with 37 chromosomes were observed mainly. The unpaired chromosome was small and with no negative effects on plant development. In the offsprings of the aneuploids (P 3) with 41~44 chromosomes, there were four types of plants with 29~32 chromosomes. Except the plant with 29 chromosomes, others which showed abnormal meiosis behavior and poor pollen fertility were mixoploid. The origin of these hypoploids and their prospects of application were discussed.

关 键 词:甘蓝型油菜 诸葛菜 亚倍体 异代换系 

分 类 号:S334[农业科学—作物遗传育种]

 

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