岷江上游人工油松林群落空间结构:物种丰富度和盖度  

Community Spatial Structure of a Chinese Pine Plantation in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River: Species Richness and Coverage

作　　者：王磊[1] 高贤明[2] 孙书存[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生物系,南京210093 [2]中国科学院植物研究所数量植被重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《林业科学》2004年第6期8-12,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KSCX1-0 7-0 1-0 2 );国家重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 2CB1115 0 0 0 4)资助

摘　　要：在岷江上游油松人工林中调查了 1hm2 群落空间垂直结构上的乔木、灌木和草本层的盖度和物种丰富度 ,以及 2个 10 0m长样带上的林窗斑块和油松斑块 (冠幅相互连接的油松个体被合并为同一斑块 )内部的群落水平结构变化。结果发现 :群落的垂直空间结构上 ,乔木层 (油松 )盖度与灌木层盖度、林下总盖度 (灌木和草本层的盖度和 ) ,以及林下物种丰富度 (物种数量 )成显著负相关 ,灌木层盖度与草本层成显著负相关。林下物种丰富度与总盖度呈显著正相关 ,但在灌木层和草本层内部 ,物种丰富度与盖度间没有显著相关性。水平空间结构上 ,随油松斑块增大 ,斑块内灌木层盖度下降 ,草本层盖度上升 ;物种丰富度约在油松斑块直径为 12～ 15m时达到最大。在林窗内部 ,物种丰富度和灌木层盖度在林窗边缘高于林窗中央 ,而草本层盖度在林窗边缘较高。考虑到不同斑块大小支持不同物种的生存 ,岷江上游油松人工林应建立由不同大小的斑块 (林窗和油松斑块 )组成的镶嵌式群落。A one-hm 2 Chinese Pine(Pinus tabulaeformis)plantation was investigated to understand community vertical structure and two 100 m-long transects within the plantation were examined to learn community horizontal structure, in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan Province,southwestern China. The pine coverage was found to be inversely related to shrub coverage, understory coverage(sum coverage of shrub and herb layers)and understory species richness, similar to the relationship between shrub layer and herbaceous coverage. No significant relationship was found between species richness and coverage within both shrub and herbaceous layer. Shrub layer coverage declined, but herbaceous layer coverage increased with increasing the pine patch size. Species richness peaked at the pine patch diameter of 12～15 m. Within the forest gaps, species richness and herb coverage were larger near the edge of forest gaps than that of gap centers, while shrub coverage was larger in the gap centers. Considering that different plant species are supported by patches with different size, we suggest that the pine forest should be managed to a mosaic community that consists of many forest gaps and pine patches with different size.

关 键 词：岷江 油松 群落空间结构 物种多样性 人工林 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S718.54[农业科学—林学]